Abstract
Luo and Hwang [Quantum Inf. Process (2016) 15:947–958] proposed the authenticated semi-quantum direct communication protocols for a quantum participant to be able to transmit secret messages to a classical participant without employing an authenticated classical channel. However, this study indicates that there is an information leakage problem in Luo and Hwang’s measure-resend protocol. The information leakage problem might allow an attacker to use an intercept-resend attack to obtain partial secret messages. Finally, an improved method is proposed to overcome the information leakage problem.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their very valuable comments, which greatly enhanced the clarity of this paper. This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, R.O.C. (Grant Nos. MOST 106-2218-E-039-002-MY3, MOST 107-2218-E-143-002-MY2, and MOST 107-2627-E-006-001), and China Medical University, Taiwan (Grant No. CMU109-S-01).
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Tsai, CW., Yang, CW. Cryptanalysis and Improvement on Authenticated Semi-quantum Direct Communication Protocol using Bell States. Int J Theor Phys 60, 63–69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04659-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04659-y