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High-Efficiency Three-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Quantum Dense Coding and Bell States

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Abstract

We propose a high-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol, by utilizing two-photon polarization-entangled Bell states and a few single-photon polarization states as the information carriers, and we use the quantum dense coding method to improve its efficiency. In this protocol, each participant performs one of four unitary operations to encode their sub-secret key on the passing photons which contain two parts, the first quantum qubits of Bell states and a small number of single-photon states. At the end of this protocol, based on very little information announced by other, all participants involved can deduce the same final shared key simultaneously. We analyze the security and the efficiency of this protocol, showing that it has a high efficiency and can resist both outside attacks and inside attacks. As a consequence, our protocol is a secure and efficient three-party quantum key agreement protocol.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11674033, No. 11474026, and No. 11505007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Wan-Ting He, Jun Wang, Tian-Tian Zhang & Fu-Guo Deng

  2. NAAM-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Faris Alzahrani, Aatef Hobiny, Ahmed Alsaedi, Tasawar Hayat & Fu-Guo Deng

  3. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Tasawar Hayat

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  1. Wan-Ting He
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  2. Jun Wang
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He, WT., Wang, J., Zhang, TT. et al. High-Efficiency Three-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Quantum Dense Coding and Bell States. Int J Theor Phys 58, 2834–2846 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-019-04167-8

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