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Thermophysical Property Measurements: The Journey from Accuracy to Fitness for Purpose

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Until the 1960s much of the experimental work on the thermophysical properties of fluids was devoted to the development of methods for the measurement of the properties of simple fluids under moderate temperatures and pressures. By the end of the 1960s a few methods had emerged that had both a rigorous mathematical description of the experimental method and technical innovation to render measurements precise enough to rigorously test theories of fluids for both gas and liquid phases. These studies demonstrated that, for the gas phase at least, the theories were exceedingly reliable and led to physical insight into simple molecular interactions. The thesis of this paper is, after those early successes, there has been a divergence of experimental effort from the earlier thrust and, in the future, there needs to be focus on in situ measurement of properties for process fluids. These arguments are based upon the balance between the uncertainty of the results and their utility and economic value as well as upon technical developments, which have provided reliable and robust sensors of properties. The benefits accrued from accurate measurements on a few materials to validate predictions of the physical properties, for a much wider set of mixtures over a wide range of conditions, are much less relevant for most engineering purposes. However, there remain some special areas of science where high accuracy measurements are an important goal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

    W. A. Wakeham

  2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece

    M. A. Assael

  3. School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

    J. K. Atkinson & J. Bilek

  4. Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal

    J. M. N. A. Fareleira

  5. School of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

    A. D. Fitt

  6. Schlumberger Technology Corporation, Sugar Land, Texas, 77478, U.S.A.

    A. R. H. Goodwin

  7. Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, 1269-001, Portugal

    C. M. B. P. Oliveira

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  1. W. A. Wakeham
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  2. M. A. Assael
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  3. J. K. Atkinson
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  4. J. Bilek
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  5. J. M. N. A. Fareleira
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  6. A. D. Fitt
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  7. A. R. H. Goodwin
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  8. C. M. B. P. Oliveira
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. A. Wakeham.

Additional information

Invited paper presented as the Keynote Lecture at THERMO International 2006, July 31, 2006, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.

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Wakeham, W.A., Assael, M.A., Atkinson, J.K. et al. Thermophysical Property Measurements: The Journey from Accuracy to Fitness for Purpose. Int J Thermophys 28, 372–416 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-007-0189-8

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