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Population genetic diversity and structure of the Taiwan endemic cyprinid fish Candidia barbata (Cyprinidae): human intervention

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Abstract

Candidia barbata is a primary freshwater fish distributed in the western portion of Taiwan Island, but this species has also been found in southern and eastern Taiwan. Previous studies have documented that human-intervention populations of freshwater fishes exist not only in eastern Taiwan but also widely. To investigate the native population genetic diversity and structure and evaluate the sources of human-intervention populations of C. barbata, the sequences from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene and d-loop region were analyzed. These results indicated that (1) the native populations were distributed in northern, northwestern, western and southwestern Taiwan; (2) the human-intervention populations originated from multiple sources, including native populations and aquarium stocks; (3) most aquarium stocks originated from the northwestern and western populations; (4) the geological history of Taiwan Island shaped the native distribution range and population genetic structure; (5) the effective size of the populations declined greatly; and (6) the native populations could be assorted into three distinct management significant units (α − γ). Finally, the human-mediated dispersal of freshwater species in Taiwan was more severe than expected and should be evaluated and monitored carefully.

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Data availability

All sequences determined were deposited into the GenBank database (https://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov) under the accession numbers QD476211—QD476214 (cyt b) and QD435328—QD435338 (d-loop).

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. Shun-Ya Jian and Mr. Ming-Shan Yu for help with the sample collection and Mr. Mingtai Zhou for providing the organism photograph. We thank the National Museum of Marine Biology for assistance with experiments. We also thank the associate editor and anonymous referees for their helpful comments.

Funding

This research was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (No. MOST 106-2611-M-291-007).

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  1. Yu-Min Ju and Jui-Hsien Wu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan

    Yu-Min Ju

  2. Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan

    Yu-Min Ju

  3. Eastern Marine Biology Research Center of Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taitung, 950, Taiwan, ROC

    Jui-Hsien Wu

  4. Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC

    Po-Hsun Kuo & Kui-Ching Hsu

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Contributions

JYM: investigation, resource, funding acquisition and writing—review. WJH: investigation, methodology and resource. KPH: software and writing—review. HKC: investigation, software and writing—original draft, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Yu-Min Ju or Kui-Ching Hsu.

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The care and use of experimental animals complied with Taiwan’s animal welfare laws, the Taiwan Council guidelines and policies as approved by MOST 106-2611-M-291-007. The Taiwan’s government does not require any license to work with dead animals from fisheries. All methods and the handling of fish were performed and approved by the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium.

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Ju, YM., Wu, JH., Kuo, PH. et al. Population genetic diversity and structure of the Taiwan endemic cyprinid fish Candidia barbata (Cyprinidae): human intervention. Hydrobiologia 851, 1435–1453 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05406-0

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