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Phylogeography and the genetic structure of the land-locked freshwater prawn Macrobrachium asperulum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in Taiwan

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Abstract

Macrobrachium asperulum is a land-locked macroinvertebrate species of freshwater prawn, which inhabits a wide range of freshwater bodies and has an abundant pan-island distribution in Taiwan. In this study, we used mitochondrial (mt) DNA fragment sequences of the large subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene and the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to examine the phylogeographical pattern and the genetic structure of M. asperulum in Taiwan. Genealogic reconstructions present four lineages distributed in three geographical regions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) shows a significant genetic structure across all hierarchical levels, indicating that genetic variance is geographically subdivided. The high genetic structure of within-catchment or within-river populations implies that the freshwater prawn M. asperulum with a land-locked life cycle has a more-limited dispersal ability. The spatial divisions are probably correlated with two dispersal routes from the Asian mainland during the tectonic evolution of Taiwan. Subsequently, the population genetic structure is deeply influenced by the periodic oscillation of glaciations, followed by fragmentation due to the formation of geographical barriers, which resulted in rare contemporary gene flow. Population divergences indicate coalescent events between populations of China (Ming River) and Taiwan, dated to between the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (2.63–1.78 myr). The high diversity of the genetic structure of eastern populations suggested multiple artificial introductions mainly from rivers of west-central Taiwan, and this has permitted lineage sorting and random drift.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Yi-Xiong Cai and Tohru Naruse for specimen collection. Tzi-Yuan Wang helped with data analyses. We particularly thank Hsi-Te Shih and Te-Yu Liao for specimen collection, data analyses, and discussions. Two anonymous reviewers who greatly improved this manuscript are also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, No. 219, Sec. 1, Dongfang Rd. Qieding Township, Kaohsiung, 85243, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Min-Yun Liu

  2. Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Chyng-Shyan Tzeng

  3. The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, No. 1, Sec. 1, Mintzu Rd., Tainan, 70145, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Hung-Du Lin

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  1. Min-Yun Liu
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Liu, MY., Tzeng, CS. & Lin, HD. Phylogeography and the genetic structure of the land-locked freshwater prawn Macrobrachium asperulum (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in Taiwan. Hydrobiologia 671, 1–12 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0699-z

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