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A prolonged drought period reduced temporal β diversity of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and fish metacommunities in a Neotropical floodplain

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Abstract

Extreme climate events and the damming of natural rivers can intensify the effects of droughts and floods, which can consequently affect aquatic biota. We investigated whether a prolonged drought increased the similarity of aquatic metacommunities over time when compared to a period with extreme flood events in 10 floodplain lakes. We expected to find (i) lower temporal environmental variability and lower β diversity among months during the prolonged drought period, and (ii) a more pronounced decrease in β diversity for aquatic organisms with active dispersal (fish) than for small organisms with passive dispersal (phytoplankton and zooplankton) during the prolonged drought period. We estimated the β diversity among months using the Sørensen and Bray–Curtis dissimilarities and their components separately for each lake and each period. We used paired t tests to compare the periods. Although the prolonged drought reduced environmental variability, the homogenization of biota was dependent on the considered β diversity component. In the face of climate change and a higher frequency of severe droughts, biotic variability can decrease over time, thereby changing the dynamics of floodplain ecosystems. We emphasize the importance of natural flood events for maintaining environmental variability and ecosystem functioning in floodplains.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for granting a doctoral scholarship to the first author (Process 141914/2017-3), a postdoctoral fellowship to DKP (Process 155580/2018-3), and a research scholarship to CCB. The authors also thank the “Long-Term Ecological Research” (PELD/CNPq) for financial support, as well as the Research Center in Limnology, Ichthyology, and Aquaculture (Nupélia) and the Graduate Program in Ecology of Inland Water Ecosystems (PEA) for logistical support. We are grateful to all researchers from the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish laboratories (Nupélia/PEA/UEM) for providing data and field support across all studied years through PELD-sítio 6. The fish collection methodology used in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use of the State University of Maringá (CEUA/UEM) and by the National Council for Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA - #1420221018(ID 001974)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório Zooplâncton/Nupélia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA), Departamento de Biologia (DBI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP. 87.020-900, Brazil

    Leidiane Pereira Diniz & Tatiane Mantovano

  2. Laboratório de Macrófitas Aquáticas/Nupélia, PEA, Departamento de Biologia (DBI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP. 87.020-900, Brazil

    Danielle Katharine Petsch

  3. Laboratório de Fitoplâncton/Nupélia, PEA, Departamento de Biologia (DBI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP. 87.020-900, Brazil

    Luzia Cleide Rodrigues

  4. Laboratório de Peixes/Nupélia, PEA, Departamento de Biologia (DBI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP. 87.020-900, Brazil

    Angelo Antonio Agostinho

  5. Laboratório Zooplâncton/Nupélia, PEA, PGB, Departamento de Biologia (DBI), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, CEP. 87.020-900, Brazil

    Claudia Costa Bonecker

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  1. Leidiane Pereira Diniz
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Diniz, L.P., Petsch, D.K., Mantovano, T. et al. A prolonged drought period reduced temporal β diversity of zooplankton, phytoplankton, and fish metacommunities in a Neotropical floodplain. Hydrobiologia 850, 1073–1089 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05140-7

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