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Functional trait-based potential invasiveness of exotic submerged macrophytes and their effects on sediment bacterial community

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Abstract

Functional traits of exotic species play an important role in their invasive process by enhancing their performance and promoting them as a potentially malignant invasive species. However, the interrelationship between functional traits and invasion capacity of exotic aquatic species is still not clear. Here, we selected two exotic aquatic species Egeria densa Planch. and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. and two related native species Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle and Myriophyllum spicatum L. in China to reveal the potential invasiveness of exotic submerged macrophytes based on functional traits and their effects on sediment bacterial community. Our results showed that there was no significant competition between exotic species and related native species. Many functional traits of related native species H. verticillata performed significantly better than exotic species E. densa beside leaf area. Related native species M. spicatum also had obvious advantages in important functional traits such as relative growth rate and nutrient concentrations. The belowground part of two exotic species had significant effects on sediment bacterial community. Due to developed roots and their radial oxygen loss of exotic species E. densa and M. aquaticum, the diversity of sediment bacterial community positively correlated with exotic species ratio in treatment. Some dominant sediment bacteria, such as Streptomyces, might accelerate the invasion of exotic species through feedback effects. In general, compared with related native species, the competitive ability and functional traits of exotic plants did not show significant invasion ability. However, positive interaction with sediment bacteria and moderate interspecific relationships may promote the invasion of exotic submerged macrophyte species. Our results provide a theoretical basis for risk assessment and effective management of exotic aquatic plants.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

Funding

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870346, 32170375), Wuhan Application Foundation Frontier Project (2020020601012287) and SAJOREC, CAS (SAJC202102). Hirpa Abduro Ogo was sponsored by CAS “the Belt and Road” Master Fellowship Program and CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative’.

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Author notes

  1. Xiaowei Li and Qingshuai Chu have contributed equally to this paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Xiaowei Li, Qingshuai Chu, Na Tang, Hirpa Abduro Ogo & Wei Xing

  2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Wei Xing

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Xiaowei Li, Na Tang & Hirpa Abduro Ogo

  4. Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China

    Qingshuai Chu

  5. College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China

    Qingshuai Chu

  6. Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Hirpa Abduro Ogo

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  1. Xiaowei Li
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Contributions

XL and QC processed and analyzed the functional traits and sediment bacterial data and were major contributors in writing the manuscript. XL and WX designed the experiment scheme and the structure of the paper and were also the major contributors in writing the manuscript. NT and HAO analyzed the competition index in all the treatments. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Wei Xing.

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Li, X., Chu, Q., Tang, N. et al. Functional trait-based potential invasiveness of exotic submerged macrophytes and their effects on sediment bacterial community. Hydrobiologia 849, 3061–3077 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04914-9

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