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Are there species flocks in freshwater diatoms? A review of past reports and a look to the future

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Abstract

We review the literature on species flocks in diatoms. Past descriptions of species flocks in diatoms are of few species and do not demonstrate monophyly of the taxa explicitly. The genus Tetralunata, with 19 taxa described from Lake Toba, Indonesia, may be the best example to date of species flocks in freshwater diatoms. Other examples for this group are evaluated, from ancient lakes, river drainages and islands, to more geologically short-lived areas and habitats. Other examples may reside in the Rift Valley lakes of East Africa, Amazonia, lakes Baikal, and Ohrid, and some islands such as New Caledonia, Sulawesi, and Madagascar. It would appear that the phenomenon is not expressed in Hawaii, which has endemic, but very few, species. It is interesting to note that nearly all of the examples of species flocks of extant diatoms are of those groups that possess a raphe system. The role of molecular studies to study species flocks is discussed. Other features not traditionally examined to recognize species-level distinctions (physiology, ecology) which may be useful in the future to help identify species flocks in freshwater diatoms.

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Acknowledgements

JPK was supported in part for this work by a Fulbright Scholarship. Partial support for this work came from National Science Foundation grant DEB-0841774 to JPK. Support for MK came from by Russian Science Foundation (14-14-00555). The helpful reviews and comment of three anonymous reviewers is greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    J. Patrick Kociolek & Sarah E. Hamsher

  2. Papanin’s Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, Nekouz, Borok, Yaroslavl, Russia, 152742

    Maxim Kulikovskiy

  3. Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, Hermantown, MN, 55812, USA

    Andrew J. Bramburger

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  1. J. Patrick Kociolek
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  2. Sarah E. Hamsher
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  3. Maxim Kulikovskiy
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Correspondence to J. Patrick Kociolek.

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Kociolek, J.P., Hamsher, S.E., Kulikovskiy, M. et al. Are there species flocks in freshwater diatoms? A review of past reports and a look to the future. Hydrobiologia 792, 17–35 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-3075-1

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