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Contrasting cyanobacterial communities and microcystin concentrations in summers with extreme weather events: insights into potential effects of climate change

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Abstract

Current climate change scenarios predict that aquatic systems will experience increases in temperature, thermal stratification, water column stability and in some regions, greater precipitation. These factors have been associated with promoting cyanobacterial blooms. However, limited data exist on how cyanobacterial composition and toxin production will be affected. Using a shallow eutrophic lake, we investigated how precipitation intensity and extended droughts influenced: (i) physical and chemical conditions, (ii) cyanobacterial community succession, and (iii) toxin production by Microcystis. Moderate levels of nitrate related to intermittent high rainfall during the summer of 2013–2014, lead to the dominance of Aphanizomenon gracile and Dolichospermum crassum (without heterocytes). Microcystis aeruginosa blooms occurred when ammonium concentrations and water temperature increased, and total nitrogen:total phosphorus ratios were low. In contrast, an extended drought (2014–2015 summer) resulted in prolonged stratification, increased dissolved reactive phosphorus, and low dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations. All A. gracile and D. crassum filaments contained heterocytes, M. aeruginosa density remained low, and the picocyanobacteria Aphanocapsa was abundant. A positive relationship (P < 0.001) was identified between microcystin quotas and surface water temperature. These results highlight the complex successional interplay of cyanobacteria species and demonstrated the importance of climate through its effect on nutrient concentrations, water temperature, and stratification.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Marsden Fund of the Royal Society of New Zealand (12-UOW-087; Toxic in Crowds), the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (UOWX1503; Enhancing the Health and Resilience of New Zealand Lakes), the Royal Society of New Zealand International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship (MEAT Agreement 295223) and the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship (PIRSES-GA-2011-295223). We thank Spencer and Thomas Kahu for sample collection, and the Kahu family, Ngāi Tahu and Environment Canterbury for allowing access to Lake Rotorua. We acknowledge Kati Doehring and Weimin Jiang (Cawthron) for assistance with Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand

    Susanna A. Wood, Hugo Borges, Jonathan Puddick, Laura Biessy & Javier Atalah

  2. Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

    Susanna A. Wood, Hugo Borges & David P. Hamilton

  3. Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Ian Hawes

  4. Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany

    Daniel R. Dietrich

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  1. Susanna A. Wood
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  2. Hugo Borges
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  4. Laura Biessy
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Correspondence to Susanna A. Wood.

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Wood, S.A., Borges, H., Puddick, J. et al. Contrasting cyanobacterial communities and microcystin concentrations in summers with extreme weather events: insights into potential effects of climate change. Hydrobiologia 785, 71–89 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2904-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2904-6

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