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Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide

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Abstract

Although currently employed therapies for heart failure decrease overall mortality and improve patient quality of life temporarily, the disease is known to progress even for patients who receive all guideline-recommended therapies. This indicates that our concise understanding of heart failure and of disease progression is incomplete, and there is a need for new interventions that may augment, or even supplant, currently available options. A literature review reveals that an exciting, novel area of current research is focused on mitochondria, which are uniquely juxtaposed at the sites of both generation of high-energy molecules and initiation of programmed cell death. Elamipretide is being studied both to maintain cellular biogenetics and prevent reactive oxygen species-induced cell damage by targeting and stabilizing the cardiolipin-cytochrome c supercomplex. Thus far, elamipretide has been shown to increase left ventricular ejection fraction in dog models of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and to prevent left ventricular remodeling in rats. In early-phase clinical trials, elamipretide administration has not resulted in any severe adverse events, and it has shown promising improvements in cardiac hemodynamics at highest doses. Nonetheless, additional studies are necessary to describe the long-term safety and efficacy of elamipretide.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Departments of Internal Medicine and Cardiology at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA

    Alexander T. Smith & Gregory J. Hughes

  2. Department of Clinical Health Professions, St. John’s University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 8000 Utopia Pkwy SAH 114, Queens, NY, 11439, USA

    Gregory J. Hughes

  3. Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA

    Adedayo A. Adeboye

  4. Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA

    Chukwuemeka Obi

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All authors contributed to study conception and design. CO, AS, and GH drafted the original manuscript. All authors edited and commented on all versions of the manuscript. GH and AA provided administrative support and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Obi, C., Smith, A.T., Hughes, G.J. et al. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction with elamipretide. Heart Fail Rev 27, 1925–1932 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-021-10199-2

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