Abstract
Common bean is a grain legume of global importance especially for proteins and micronutrients. The crop is a staple food in sub-Saharan Africa, where it has gained importance in iron biofortification for people prone to anemia. However, biotic and abiotic constraints, long cooking time, and high phytic acid and polyphenols both of which affect bioavailable iron, hinder the production and health benefits. To inform breeding decisions, the study determined genetic diversity and population structure within 725 breeding lines, varieties, or landraces mostly from Uganda and South America. Genotyping by sequencing and diversity array technology (DarTseq) were used to generate single nucleotide polymorphic markers on Set1 (427) and Set2 (298) germplasm, respectively. The germplasm were grouped into Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools, with the latter as the larger subpopulation. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 46% (Set1) and 50% (Set2) of genetic variation among the subpopulations, with fixation indices (FST) of 0.54 (Set1) and 0.71 (Set2) among Andean and Mesoamerican beans, respectively. The overall germplasm’s gene diversities were 0.206 (Set1) and 0.332 (Set2). Admixtures were the most diverse (0.193) in both sets of germplasm. The germplasm exhibited high genetic diversity and as a result they have a high potential for use in plant breeding. Inter-gene pool crosses within and across market classes are possible and considering both approaches is expected to increase diversity to realize genetic gain. The structure and polymorphic information generated provided useful perspectives for genomic breeding and genome-wide association study using the population.
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Acknowledgements
The common bean breeding team at the Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT at Kawanda, the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) at Namulonge, Uganda, the Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) Maruku, Feed the Future Crop Improvement Innovation Laboratory (CIIL) Project, Cornel University and Michigan State University, United States of America.
Funding
USDA Funding Opportunity: 2017 Norman E. Borlaug International Agricultural Science and Technology Fellowship Program, USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Crop Improvement (ILCI), and the Carnegie Corporation of New York through the Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM), Grant Number RN/2020/RI/02.
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Designed the study: Prof. JK, Assoc. prof. KC, Dr. CM, Dr. SN and WA. Responsible for the project funding: Assoc. prof. KC; Dr. SN; Dr. CM. Supervised the Study: Dr. CM, Dr. NS, Dr. O-SM, Dr. AB, Dr. NE, Dr. OTL, Dr. TP. Conceived the structure of the manuscript and wrote the initial manuscript: WA. Conducted the experiments, and the molecular genotyping: WA, PI. Designed data analyses and supervised interpretation of data: WA, Dr. AB. Analyzed the data: WA, Dr. AB. Reviewed the manuscript: Dr. AB, PI, Assoc. prof. KC, Dr. DOI, Dr. OTL, Dr. NE.
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Amongi, W., Nkalubo, S.T., Ochwo-Ssemakula, M. et al. Genetic clustering, and diversity of African panel of released common bean genotypes and breeding lines. Genet Resour Crop Evol 70, 2063–2076 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01559-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01559-y