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Horticultural crops tackling stresses: genetic and epigenetic alterations

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Abstract

Food is indispensable for fulfilling the nutritional requirements of living beings. The principal source of food, nutrition and feed are horticultural commodities. Grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants and medicinal plants are just a few of the important horticulture crops that are widely grown as cash crops by farmers and to meet these needs. However, eventually, horticulture crops are facing major challenges to enhance the productivity of field crops due to changes in environmental conditions. Crops are affected by many environmental stresses including both biotic as well as abiotic. Environmental stresses affect the overall growth, development, physiology and metabolism of plants which leads to the loss of crop quality produce and yield. Old approaches to decipher the mechanism of stress management and overall improvement in plants are involved with tedious experiments, long breeding programs and different cultivation environments. With the advancement in the field of bioinformatics and next-generation sequencing technologies, it has become possible to study the molecular mechanisms of plants coping with stresses. It is the need of the hour to investigate the mechanism of stress tolerance in economically important horticultural crops. This area has sought the attention of horticulturists as many regions are under the spell of environmental alterations and climate change. Thus, this review takes up the genetic and epigenetic aspects of stress management in high-value horticultural fruit and vegetable plants.

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Abbreviations

MSAP:

Methylation sensitive AFLP

NB-LRR:

Nuclear binding-leucine-rich repeat

CHG:

Methylation on Chromomethyltransferase 3 (CMT 3)

HAT:

Hitched to an acetyltransferase

KRAB:

Krupel-associated box

ETI:

Effector-triggered immunity

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

MAPKs:

Mitogen-activated protein kinases

SA:

Salicylic acid

JA:

Jasmonic acid

ET:

Ethylene

ABA:

Abscisic acid

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

siRNA:

Small interfering RNA

TE:

Transposable element

RdDM:

RNA mediated DNA methylation

LEA:

Late embryogenesis abundant proteins

DREB:

Dehydration responsive element binding proteins

CBF:

c-repeat binding factors

SFs:

Signalling factors

HSPs:

Heat shock proteins

PGPB:

Plant growth promoting bacteria

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, India

    Samriti Sharma

  2. University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India

    Arjun Chauhan

  3. ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Zarifa Farm, Karnal, India

    Raj Kumar & Kamlesh Verma

  4. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Ranichauri, Uttarakhand, India

    Sneha Dobhal

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, India

    Rajinder Kaur

  6. Faculty of Agriculture, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan, India

    Krishan Kumar

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Sharma, S., Chauhan, A., Kumar, R. et al. Horticultural crops tackling stresses: genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genet Resour Crop Evol 69, 11–38 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01298-y

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