Abstract
An isotropic and homogeneous cosmological model with a source of dark energy is studied. That source is simulated with a viscous relativistic fluid with minimal causal correction. In this model the restrictions on the parameters coming from the following conditions are analized: (a) energy density without singularities along time, (b) scale factor increasing with time, (c) universe accelerated at present time, (d) state equation for dark energy with “w” bounded and close to −1. It is found that those conditions are satisfied for the following two cases. (i) When the transport coefficient (\(\tau _{\Pi }\)), associated to the causal correction, is negative, with the additional restriction \(\zeta \left| \tau _{\Pi }\right| >2/3\), where \(\zeta \) is the relativistic bulk viscosity coefficient. The state equation is in the “phantom” energy sector. (ii) For \(\tau _{\Pi }\) positive, in the “k-essence” sector. It is performed an exact calculation for the case where the equation of state is constant, finding that option (ii) is favored in relation to (i), because in (ii) the entropy is always increasing, while this does no happen in (i).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sahni, V.: Dark Matter and Dark Energy. preprint arXiv:astro-ph/0403324 (2004)
Sahni, V., Papantonopoulos, E. (eds.): The Physics of the Early Universe. Springer, New York (2005)
Padmanabhan, T.: Curr. Sci. 88(7), 1057 (2005)
Perlmutter, S., et al.: Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999)
Riess, A.G., et al.: Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998)
Caldwell, R.R., Kamionkowski, M., Weinberg, N.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 071301 (2003)
Nakamura, K., et al.: Particle group collaboration. J. Phys. G 37, 075021 (2010)
Copeland, E.J., Sami, M., Tsujikawa, S.: Int. J. Modern Phys. D 15(11), 1753–1935 (2006)
Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., Tsujikawa, S.: Phys. Rev. D 71, 063004 (2005)
Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D.: Phys. Rev. D 70, 103522 (2004)
Hawking, S.W., Ellis, G.F.R.: The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1973)
Fabris, J.C., Gonçalves, S.V.B., de Sá Ribero, R.: Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 38(3), 495–506 (2006)
Eckart, C.: Phys. Rev. 58, 919 (1940)
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Course of theoretical physics. In: Fluid Mechanics. vol. 6, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1987)
Murphy, G.L.: Phys. Rev. D 8, 4231 (1973)
Zimdahl, W.: Int. J. Geom. Methods Modern Phys. 11(2), 1460014 (2014)
Brevik, I., Gr\({\emptyset }\)n, Ø.: Astrophys. Space Sci. 347, 399–404 (2013)
Lima, J.A.S., Germano, A.S.M.: Phys. Lett. A 170, 373–378 (1992)
Hiscock, W.A., Lindblom, L.: Ann. Phys. 151, 466–496 (1983)
Dolgov, A.D., Novikov, I.D.: Phys. Lett. B 442(1–4), 82–89 (1998)
Liberati, S., Sonego, S., Visser, M.: Ann. Phys. 298, 167–185 (2002)
Israel, W., Stewart, J.M.: Ann. Phys. 118, 341–372 (1979)
Romatschke, P.: Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 19, 1–53 (2010)
Koide, T., et al.: Phys. Rev. C 75, 034909 (2007)
Romatschke, P.: Class. Quant. Gravit. 27, 025006 (2010)
Maartens, R.: Causal Thermodynamics in Relativity. preprint arXiv:astro-ph/9609119 (1996)
Maartens, R.: Hanno Rund Workshop on Relativity and Thermodynamics, Natal (1996)
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Course of theoretical physics. In: The Classical Theory of Fields, vol. 2, 4th edn. Elsevier, Oxford (1994)
Misner, C.W., Thorne, K.S., Wheeler, J.A.: Gravitation. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco (1973)
Israel, W.: Ann. Phys. 100, 310–331 (1976)
Israel, W., Stewart, J.M.: Phys. Lett. A 58(4), 213–215 (1976)
Frampton, P.H., Ludwick, K.J., Scherrer, R.J.: Phys. Rev. D 84, 063003 (2011)
Beltran Jimenez, J., Lazkoz, R., Saez-Gomez, D., Salzano, V.: Eur. Phys. J. C76(11), 631 (2016)
Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D., Oikonomou, V.K.: arXiv:1506.03307 [gr-qc] (2015)
Brevik, I., Elizalde, E., Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D.: Phys. Rev. D 84, 103508 (2011)
Castagnino, M., Laciana, C.: Class. Quant. Gravit. 19, 2657–2670 (2002)
Nojiri, S., Odintsov, S.D.: Phys. Rev. D 72, 023003 (2005)
Chavanis, P.H.: Phys. Lett. B. 758, 59–66 (2016)
Donato, F., et al.: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 397, 1169 (2009)
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Olimpia Lombardi for her critically reading and her comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the University of Buenos Aires grant: UBACyT-01/Q710.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Laciana, C.E. A causal viscous cosmology without singularities. Gen Relativ Gravit 49, 62 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-017-2215-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-017-2215-x