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Thermodynamics of apparent horizon and Friedmann equations in big bounce universe

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Abstract

In this paper, we study a big bounce universe typified by a non-singular big bounce, as opposed to a singular big bang. This cosmological model can describe radiation dominated early universe and matter dominated late universe in FRW model. The connections between thermodynamics and gravity are observed here. In the early stage of both cold and hot universes, we find there is only one geometry containing a 4D de Sitter universe with a general state parameter. We also find the form of the apparent horizon in the early universe strongly depends on the extra dimension, which suggests that the influence of the extra dimension could in principle be found in the early universe. Moreover, we show that in the late stages of both cold and hot universes, the moment when the apparent horizon begins to bounce keeps essentially in step with the behavior of the cosmological scalar factor.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the anonymous referees for insightful comments, and to Y. Han for helpful reading. Liu’s work is supported in part by NSFC (No. 11475143), HASTIT (No. 14HASTIT043) and Foundation for University Key Teacher by He’nan Educational Committee. Xu’s work is supported in part by NSFC (No. 11275035). Lv’s work is supported in part by NSFC (No. 11205078).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People’s Republic of China

    Molin Liu & Yuling Yang

  2. Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, People’s Republic of China

    Jianbo Lu

  3. School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People’s Republic of China

    Lixin Xu

Authors
  1. Molin Liu
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  2. Yuling Yang
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  4. Lixin Xu
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Correspondence to Molin Liu.

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Liu, M., Yang, Y., Lu, J. et al. Thermodynamics of apparent horizon and Friedmann equations in big bounce universe. Gen Relativ Gravit 48, 59 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-016-2055-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-016-2055-0

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