Abstract
The Na/K pump, or Na,K-ATPase, is a key enzyme to the homeostasis of osmotic pressure, cell volume, and the maintenance of electrochemical gradients. Its α subunit, which holds most of its functions, belongs to a large family of ATPases known as P-type, and to the subfamily IIC, which also includes H,K-ATPases. In this study, we attempt to describe the evolutionary history of IIC ATPases by doing phylogenetic analysis with most of the currently available protein sequences (over 200), and pay special attention to the relationship between their diversity and their osmoregulatory role. We include proteins derived from many completed or ongoing genome projects, many of whose IIC ATPases have not been phylogenetically analyzed previously. We show that the most likely origin of IIC proteins is prokaryotic, and that many of them are present in non-metazoans, such as algae, protozoans or fungi. We also suggest that the pre-metazoan ancestor, represented by the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis, whose genome has been sequenced, presented at least two IIC-type proteins. One of these proteins would have given rise to most current animal IIC ATPases, whereas the other apparently evolved into a lineage that, so far, has only been found in nematodes. We also propose that early deuterostomes presented a single IIC gene, from which all the extant diversity of vertebrate IIC proteins originated by gene and genome duplications.
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Abbreviations
- NKA:
-
Na,K-ATPase
- HKA:
-
H,K-ATPase
- α-NKA:
-
α Subunit of Na,K-ATPase
- α-HKA:
-
α Subunit of H,K-ATPase
- MRC:
-
Mitochondrial rich cell
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Acknowledgments
We thank Gernot Segelbacher and Jacob Höglund for the opportunity to make this contribution and for organizing the Ecological Genomics meeting. We are supported by programs I3P-Postdoc (EL), Juan de la Cierva (AZR), and Ramón y Cajal (AGS), whereas our research is funded by Plan Nacional I+D (CGL2005-00307), all from the Ministry of Education and Science, Spain. We also thank Bioportal (University of Oslo) and Centro Técnico de Informática (CSIC) for their computing resources, and all the genomic consortiums for making their databases available.
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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9448-x
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Sáez, A.G., Lozano, E. & Zaldívar-Riverón, A. Evolutionary history of Na,K-ATPases and their osmoregulatory role. Genetica 136, 479–490 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-009-9356-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-009-9356-0