Abstract
Early mild stress (EMS) is like preparedness and might help fish deal with stress appropriately. This study investigated how EMS and photoperiod changes can impact growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus; 7.29 ± 0.96 g) before and after acute confinement stress (AC stress). Ten experimental treatments included five different photoperiods 8L16D (08:16 light to dark), 12L12D (12:12 light to dark), 16L8D (16:08 light to dark), 20L4D (20:04 light to dark), and 24L0D (24:00 light to dark), and these five photoperiod schedules were conducted in an EMS condition. After 9 weeks, no significant differences were found in growth parameters, survival rate, and body composition. At the end of the experiment and after AC stress, fish farmed in 24 light hours had the lowest haematocrit, white blood cells, total protein, blood performance, lysozyme, immunoglobulin M, complement C3, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Fish that experienced EMS had significantly higher survival rates than those farmed in normal conditions (80.67% vs 61.33%). In conclusion, considering all measured parameters, 8-h light can be suggested as an optimum photoperiod for this fish species. Under 24L0D (no EMS) conditions, there were many negative effects apparent. In addition, a positive effect of EMS was evident in terms of survival after AC stress. AC stress decreased some health parameters under 24-h light treatment, while these results were not observed in EMS-exposed fish. Therefore, the EMS schedule can be a useful tool in preventing the negative effects of stress.
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Data Availability
Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions (The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.)
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Abzian for their financial support as well as for providing space and fish for this research. Thank you is also extended to everyone for their invaluable practical assistance.
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Mahyar Zare: statistical analysis, investigation, resources, research; Mohammad Kazempour: student, research, lab works, investigation; Seyedeh Mahsa Hosseini: student, research, lab works, investigation; Sobhan R. Akhavan: validation, revision; Michael Salini: validation, revision; Artur Rombenso: validation, revision; Noah Esmaeili: ideas, supervision, validation, writing.
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Zare, M., Kazempour, M., Hosseini Choupani, S.M. et al. The crosstalk between photoperiod and early mild stress on juvenile oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) after acute stress. Fish Physiol Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01316-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01316-7