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Protective role of selenium and selenium-nanoparticles against multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

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Abstract

Pollution and climate change pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, with adverse impacts on aquatic animals, including fish. Climate change increases the toxicity of metal in aquatic ecosystems. To understand the severity of metal pollution and climate change, an experiment was conducted to delineate the mitigation potential of selenium (Se) and selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) against lead (Pb) and high temperature stress in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. For the experiment, five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were prepared, varying in selenium supplementation as Se at 0, 1, and 2 mg kg−1 diet, and Se-NPs at 1 and 2 mg kg−1 diet. The fish in stressor groups were exposed to Pb (1/20th of LC50 concentration, 4 ppm) and high temperature (34 °C) throughout the experiment. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Se at 1 and 2 mg kg−1 diet, as well as Se-NPs at 1 mg kg−1 diet, significantly reduced (p < 0.01) the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in both liver and muscle tissues. Additionally, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in both gill and liver tissues were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of Se and Se-NPs in the diets. Furthermore, the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in gill and liver tissues, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in liver and muscle tissues, and acid phosphatase in liver tissue were remarkably reduced (p < 0.01) due to the supplementation of Se and Se-NPs. Moreover, dietary supplementation of Se and Se-NPs significantly enhanced (p < 0.01) the activity of pyruvate kinase, glucokinase, hexokinase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, protease, amylase, lipase, and RNA/DNA ratio in the fish. Histopathological examination of gill and liver tissues also indicated that Se and Se-NPs protected against structural damage caused by lead and high-temperature stress. Moreover, the study examined the bioaccumulation of selenium and lead in muscle, water, and diets. The aim of the study revealed that Se and Se-NPs effectively protected the fish from lead toxicity and high-temperature stress, while also improving the function of cellular metabolic enzymes in P. hypophthalmus.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, for providing all the facilities for this study.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Funding

The present research was supported by Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, India, as an external project (OXX5467).

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  1. ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, India

    Neeraj Kumar, Supriya Tukaram Thorat, Pooja Bapurao Patole, Archana Gite & Kotha Sammi Reddy

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Neeraj Kumar: conceived and designed the experiments; performed the experiments; analyzed the data; contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; wrote the paper

Supriya Tukaram Thorat: support in sampling and molecular analysis

Archana Gite: support in sampling and performing analysis

Pooja Bapurao Patole: performing biochemical analysis

Kotha Sammi Reddy: data re-validation and English and language editing

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Correspondence to Neeraj Kumar.

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The study protocol and the end-points of the experiments were approved by the Director, NIASM and Research Advisory Committee of ICAR-NIASM. All the methods were carried out in accordance with relevant national and international guidelines and regulations and strictly followed the animal research (ARRIVE) guidelines.

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Kumar, N., Thorat, S.T., Patole, P.B. et al. Protective role of selenium and selenium-nanoparticles against multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 239–258 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01231-3

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