Abstract
Plant-pollinator relationships drive floral diversity. Among many floral signals, floral scent attracts and ensures efficient pollination, like benzyl acetone and its derivatives are important for hawkmoth species to detect flowers. Nicotiana is a diverse genus in terms of floral phenotypes. Its evolution was driven by the close relationship with pollinators through floral specialization and hybridization, causing the emergence of new species. Nicotiana has a wide variety of floral shapes and colors. Hybridization is prevalent in the group, resulting in transgressive phenotypes impacting pollination-related visual traits. This study investigated the diversity of floral Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Nicotiana species and discussed the data according to pollinator functional groups and the known phylogenetic relationships of the species. A bibliographic review was carried out, including 30 years of floral volatile emissions studies. The results of 18 studies investigating floral volatiles in 19 species of Nicotiana were revised and organized by temporal emissions, day and night emissions. We retrieved information concerning methodology, volatile compounds, day/night emissions, and pollinator functional groups for each study and species. In total, 179 compounds were found, including mono- and sesquiterpenoids, nitrogenous compounds, and benzenoids. Most allopolyploid species lack floral emissions data, and total temporal emissions in Nicotiana are still underrepresented. The results suggest that night-pollinated species of Nicotiana have high emission blends’ similarity to each other, compound-wise and class-wise. However, phylogeny still plays an important role in scent emission for species with different pollinators functional groups, considering the known phylogenetic relationship in the genus. Species known to be closely related by current phylogeny, like N. forgetiana and N. alata, share similar blends even though their pollinator functional groups are entirely different and opposite, suggesting a phylogenetic relationship in this phenotype and/or other processes, such as hybridization.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq − 309797/2022-5 grant to CT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Financial code 001. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (ARD/ARC 10/2021 grant to CT), and Programa de Pós-Graduação Botânica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPGBOT-UFRGS). This work was a requisite for MAMSC obtaining her MSc. degree.
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CT and MAMSC designed research; MAMSC performed the data collection and analyses; CT and MAMSC wrote the first draft of the manuscript; GLGS contributed critically to the writing; all authors read and approved the final version of the paper.
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Couto, M.A.M.S., Soares, G.L.G. & Turchetto, C. Exploring floral scent in wild tobacco: comparison of volatile compounds across pollinator functional groups and Nicotiana sections. Evol Ecol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-024-10301-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-024-10301-8