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Regional patterns of evolutionary turnover in Neogene coral reefs from the central Indo-West Pacific Ocean

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Abstract

The Indo-Pacific is an area of intense ecological interest, not least because of the region’s rich biodiversity. Important insights into the origins, evolutionary history, and maintenance of Indo-Pacific reef faunas depend upon the analysis of faunal occurrences derived from detailed stratigraphic sections. We investigated Neogene origination and extinction patterns derived from a combination of new coral occurrences and previously published records from the central Indo-West Pacific Ocean (cIWP, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Fiji). Two faunal turnover events were observed. In the first, an increase in generic richness of Scleractinia from the cIWP during the middle Miocene (17–14 Ma) coincided with both large-scale sea level fluctuations and the great Mid-Miocene collision event. We raise the hypothesis that Mid-Miocene origination was facilitated by habitat and population fragmentation associated with tectonism and sea level fall. The second, subsequent, turnover event was characterized by an overall lowering of generic diversity throughout the late Miocene and Pliocene (7–3 Ma), and was followed by a pronounced pulse of extinction at the Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary (~2.6 Ma). With the exception of the onset of Pleistocene sea-level cycles and the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation around 2.5 Ma, which might explain increased extinction during this time interval, there are no tectonic, eustatic, climatic or oceanographic events that neatly coincide with this second episode of Neogene coral taxonomic turnover. Our results reveal a total of 62 genera, including synonyms, from the Miocene to the Pleistocene. Neither episode of turnover among coral genera is exactly coincident with turnover in the Atlantic thus regional environmental change is found to drive Neogene reef dynamics.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge financial contributions from American Paleontology Society (Steven J. Gould Award for Paleontology 2007); Paleontological Research Institute (Student Award for Paleontology 2005); Commonwealth Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO) Wealth form the Oceans Flagship (2005–2008); University of Queensland Joint Research Scholarship (UQJRS) 2005–2009, Centre for Marine Studies and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies. We thank the Leiden Natural History Museum for access to collections; Professor Hugh Davies and the University of Papua New Guinea for access to the Pliocene coral collection; James Zachos for access to climate data; Jim Robbins for facilitating research visas in Papua New Guinea and the Papua New Guinean Government for allowing us to conduct research in P.N.G.; Kabira Dive, New Britain for accommodation and logistical support; Dr. Suharsono, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI); the Indonesian Government for allowing us to conduct research in Indonesia; Sarah Grimes and the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC); and the Fijian Government for allowing us to conduct research in Fiji.

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  1. Kate Bromfield

    Present address: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania

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  1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia

    Kate Bromfield & John M. Pandolfi

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Correspondence to Kate Bromfield.

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10682_2011_9483_MOESM1_ESM.xls

Appendix 1 Genera used to construct range charts in Figure 5, and first and last occurrences in Figure 6. Those in bold were collected and identified during this study while others are derived from published records from the cIWP. (XLS 23 kb)

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Bromfield, K., Pandolfi, J.M. Regional patterns of evolutionary turnover in Neogene coral reefs from the central Indo-West Pacific Ocean. Evol Ecol 26, 375–391 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-011-9483-9

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