Abstract
The existing six light screen array measuring methodology of uniform linear trajectory is unable to determine the impact coordinate and flight speed of the terminal parabolic trajectory projectile. With the parabola trajectory in the terminal trajectory test as the objective, a method is presented to test the flight characteristics of a projectile with a variable speed parabola trajectory. By accounting for the effects of air resistance and gravity on the projectile's trajectory, the space motion equation for the projectile is determined. The impact position and flight speed of the terminal parabolic trajectory projectile cannot be determined by the current six light screen array measurement approach of uniform linear trajectory. A technique is described to evaluate the flight properties of a projectile with a variable speed parabola trajectory, with the goal being the parabola trajectory in the terminal trajectory test. The space motion equation for the projectile is calculated by taking into consideration the effects of gravity and air resistance on its trajectory. The precision of the measurement algorithm is assessed. The results show that the measurement error of the impact coordinates in the detection target plane is not larger than 3.5 mm. The developed measurement model expands the use of the six light curtain rays in the field of terminal trajectory measurement.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Code availability
Not applicable.
References
Li X, Mu L, Zang Y, Qin Q (2020) Study on performance degradation and failure analysis of machine gun barrel. Defence Technol 16(2):362–373
Li HS, Zhang XQ, Zhang XW, Guo QM (2022) A line laser detection screen design and projectile echo power calculation in the detection screen area. Defence Technol 18(8):1405–1415
Chen D, Mu D, Chen D, Ni J (2022) Analysis on the speed properties of the shock wave in the light curtain. Open Phys 20(1):9–22
Bertin D (2017) 3-D ballistic transport of ellipsoidal volcanic projectiles considering horizontal wind field and variable shape-dependent drag coefficients. J Geophys Res 122(2):1126–1151
Kong X, Yang W, Li B (2021) Application of stabilized numerical integration method in acceleration sensor data processing. IEEE Sens J 21(6):8194–8203
Chen YW, Lee YL, Chen YB (2017) The study applies fuzzy weighted input estimation for the prediction of target trajectory in a fire control system. Trans Can Soc Mech Eng 41(1):1–21
Li H, Zhang X, Miao W (2019) Multiple target information fusion matching algorithm based on a line laser and a single plane array camera. Appl Opt 58(15):4025–4035
Sun Y, Xu J, Wu H, Lin G, Mumtaz S (2021) Deep learning based semi-supervised control for vertical security of maglev vehicle with guaranteed bounded airgap. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 22(7):4431–4442
Lee JY, Jo BU, Moon GH, Tahk MJ, Ahn J (2020) Intercept point prediction of ballistic missile defence using neural network learning. Int J Aeronaut Space Sci 21(4):1092–1104
Kelfoun K, Harris A, Bontemps M, Labazuy P, Chausse F, Ripepe M, Donnadieu F (2020) A method for 3D reconstruction of volcanic bomb trajectories. Bull Volcanol 82(4):1–15
Li H, Ni J, Yang X, Dong Q (2022) Test influence of screen thickness on double-N six-light-screen sky screen target. Open Phys 20(1):1–8
Nobahari H, Kermani MA (2017) Integrated optimization of guidance and control parameters in a dual spin flying vehicle. Sci Iran 24(5):2473–2489
Russo M, Cesqui B, La Scaleia B, Ceccarelli F, Maselli A, Moscatelli A, Zago M, Lacquaniti F, d’Avella A (2017) Intercepting virtual balls approaching under different gravity conditions: evidence for spatial prediction. J Neurophysiol 118(4):2421–2434
Hestroffer D, Sánchez P, Staron L, Bagatin AC, Eggl S, Losert W, Murdoch N, Opsomer E, Radjai F, Richardson DC, Salazar M, Yano H (2019) Small so-lar system bodies as granular media. Astron Astrophys Rev 27(1):1–64
Yang Y, Zhang Y, Dai L, Li J, Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J (2016) Transmission capacity analysis of relay-assisted device-to-device overlay/underlay communication. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 13(1):380–389
Maurel C, Michel P, Biele J, Ballouz RL, Thuillet F (2018) Numerical simulations of the contact between the lander MASCOT and a regolith-covered surface. Adv Space Res 62(8):2099–2124
Çelik O, Tsuda Y, Yoshikawa K, Kawakatsu Y (2021) Reduced-gravity experiments of nonspherical rigid-body impact on hard surfaces. Adv Space Res 67(1):436–476
Trache D, Tarchoun AF (2019) Analytical methods for stability assessment of nitrate esters-based propellants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 49(5):415–438
Giulietti F, Pollini L, Avanzini G (2016) Visual aids for safe operation of remotely piloted vehicles in the controlled air space. Proc Inst Mech Eng G 230(9):1641–1654
Aubin D (2017) Ballistics, fluid mechanics, and air resistance at Gâvre, 1829–1915. Arch Hist Exact Sci 71(6):509–542
Modanli M, Faraj BM, Ahmed FW (2020) Using matrix stability for variable telegraph partial differential equation. Int J Optim Control 10(2):237–243
Ahmad S, Bashir S, Rafique MS, Yousaf D (2017) Growth of surface structures correlated with structural and mechanical modifications of brass by laser-induced Si plasma ions implantation. Appl Phys A 123(4):1–12
Jiang K, Du CR (2022) Dynamics in binary complex (dusty) plasmas. Rev Mod Plasma Phys 6(1):1–45
Anthony N, Emami MR (2018) Asteroid engineering: the state-of-the-art of Near-Earth Asteroids science and technology. Prog Aerosp Sci 100:1–17
Gerstenberg T, Tenenbaum JB (2017) Intuitive Theories. Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 515–548
Shukla S, Behera BK (2022) Auxetic fibrous structures and their composites: a review. Compos Struct 290:115530
Zhou J, Sun J, Zhang W, Lin Z (2023) Multi-view underwater image enhancement method via embedded fusion mechanism. Eng Appl Artif Intell 121:105946
Zhou J, Pang L, Zhang W (2023) Underwater image enhancement method by multi-interval histogram equalization. IEEE J Ocean Eng 48(2):474–488
Faraj BM, Taha D (2021) Comparison between steepest descent method and conjugate gradient method by using matlab. Salih, DTM, & Faraj, BM (2021). Comparison between steepest descent method and conjugate gradient method by using matlab. J Stud Sci Eng 1(1):20–31
Funding
The authors did not receive any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
RC is responsible for designing the framework, analyzing the performance, validating the results, and writing the article. SA is responsible for collecting the information required for the framework, provision of software, critical review, and administering the process.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors do not have any conflicts.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Cai, R. Measurement model and accuracy analysis of parabolic ballistic projectile flight parameters based on random matrix. J Eng Math 144, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10665-023-10320-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10665-023-10320-4