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Time traveling through the floodscape: assessing the spatial and temporal probability of floods and susceptibility zones in the Lower Damodar Basin

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Abstract

The flood of Damodar river is a well-known fact which is used to the whole riverine society of the basin as well as to the eastern India. The study aims to estimate the spatio-temporal probability of floods and identify susceptible zones in the Lower Damodar Basin (LDB). A flood frequency analysis around 90 years hydrological series is performed using the Log-Pearson Type III model. The frequency ratio model has also been applied to determine the spatial context of flood. This reveals the extent to which the LDB could be inundated in response to peak discharge conditions, especially during the monsoon season. The findings indicate that 36.64% of the LDB falls under high to very high flood susceptibility categories, revealing an increasing downstream flood vulnerability trend. Hydro-geomorphic factors substantially contribute to the susceptibility of the LDB to high magnitude floods. A significant shift in flood recurrence intervals, from biennial occurrences in the pre-dam period to decadal or vicennial occurrences in the post-dam period, is observed. Despite a reduction in high-magnitude flood incidents due to dam and barrage construction, irregular flood events persist. The effect of flood in the LDB region is considered to be either positive as well as negative in terms of wholistic sense and impact. The analytical results of this research could serve to identify flood-prone zones and guide the development of flood resilience policies, thereby promoting sustainability within the LDB floodplain.

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Data availability

The data supporting the findings of this study are available upon request from the corresponding author, subject to reasonable requests.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. Manas Karmakar, Mr. Susanta Mandi, and Mr. Subhadip Pal for their assistance during the fieldwork phase of this study. This work is part of the doctoral research undertaken by Sambit Sheet, who extends his appreciation to Dr. Mrinal Mandal, Assistant Professor at Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, for his support during the development of the work.

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  1. Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India

    Sambit Sheet, Monali Banerjee, Dayamoy Mandal & Debasis Ghosh

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Contributions

Sambit Sheet—data collection, field work, data table preparation, and technical work; Monali Banerjee—study conceptualization, manuscript preparation, and mapping; Dayamoy Mandal—FRM preparation using GIS software and field work; Debasis Ghosh—manuscript preparation and finalization, model application and total guidance.

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Correspondence to Debasis Ghosh.

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Sheet, S., Banerjee, M., Mandal, D. et al. Time traveling through the floodscape: assessing the spatial and temporal probability of floods and susceptibility zones in the Lower Damodar Basin. Environ Monit Assess 196, 482 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12563-9

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