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Arsenic (As) accumulation in different genotypes of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and health risk assessment based on inorganic As

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Abstract

To reveal differences in arsenic (As) accumulation among indica rice cultivars and assess the human health risks arising from inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake via rice consumption, a total of 320 field indica rice samples and corresponding soil samples were collected from Fujian Province in China. The results showed that available soil As (0.03 to 3.83 mg/kg) showed a statistically significant positive correlation with total soil As (0.10 to 19.45 mg/kg). The inorganic As content in brown rice was between 0.001 and 0.316 mg/kg. Among the cultivars, ten brown rice samples (3.13%) exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of iAs in food of 0.2 mg/kg in China. The estimated daily intake (EDI) and calculated individual incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) ranged from 0.337 µg/day to 106.60 µg/day and from 8.18 × 10–6 to 2.59 × 10–3, respectively. Surprisingly, the average EDI and the EDIs of 258 (80.63%) brown rice samples were higher than the maximum daily intake (MDI) of 10 µg/day in drinking water as set by the National Research Council. The mean ILCR associated with iAs was 54.3 per 100,000, which exceeds the acceptable upper limit (AUL) of 10 per 100,000 set by the USEPA. Notably, the cultivars Y-Liang-You 1 and Shi-Ji 137 exhibited significantly higher mean ILCRs compared to the AUL and other cultivars, indicating that they pose more serious cancer risks to the local population. Finally, this study demonstrated that the cultivars Yi-Xiang 2292 and Quan-Zhen 10 were the optimal cultivars to mitigate risks associated with iAs to human health from rice consumption.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2021J011115, 2023J011026), the Department of Education, Fujian Province (JAT200636/B202027, JAT200640/B202031), and the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Monitoring & Sustainable Management and Utilization Fund (ZD1803).

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  1. School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, 365004, Fujian, China

    Chunle Chen, Yanhang Yu, Tian Tian & Hongyan Wu

  2. College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, People’s Republic of China

    Chunle Chen, Tian Tian, Bo Xu, Guo Wang & Yanhui Chen

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Chunle Chen: Data collection, analysis, methodology, writing. Tian Tian: Data collection, analysis, writing, and formal analysis. Bo Xu and Hongyan Wu: methodology and sample analysis. Yanhang Yu and Guo Wang: reviewing the writing of the draft manuscript. Yanhui Chen: project administration, validation, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Yanhui Chen.

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Chen, C., Yu, Y., Tian, T. et al. Arsenic (As) accumulation in different genotypes of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) and health risk assessment based on inorganic As. Environ Monit Assess 196, 310 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12470-z

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