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An integrated groundwater resource management approach for sustainable development in a tropical river basin, southern India

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Abstract

Evaluation of aquifer potential is essential, as the potable water demand has increased globally over the last few decades. The present study delineated different zones of groundwater potential and groundwater quality of the Kallada River basin (KRB) in southern India, using geo-environmental and hydrogeochemical parameters, respectively. Geo-environmental variables considered include relative relief, land use/land cover, drainage density, slope angle, geomorphology, and geology, while hydrogeochemical parameters include pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Cl−, Fe3+, and Al3+ concentrations. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used for categorizing groundwater potential and quality zones. Nearly 50% of KRB is categorized as very high and high groundwater potential zones, occupying the western and midland regions. The central and west-central parts of KRB are characterized by excellent groundwater quality zones, while the eastern and western parts are characterized by good and poor groundwater quality zones, respectively. By integrating the groundwater potential and groundwater quality, sustainable groundwater management is observed to be necessary at about 54% of the basin, where site-specific groundwater management structures such as percolation ponds, injection wells, and roof water harvesting have been proposed using a rule-based approach. This integrated groundwater potential-groundwater quality approach helps policymakers to implement the most suitable management strategies with maximum performance.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out at the Department of Geology, Karyavattom campus, University of Kerala. The authors thank the Kerala State Planning Board for funding (Grant no.: 1125/2013/H.Edn/10/06/2013). The first author also thanks to the University of Kerala for research fellowship and acknowledges the Erasmus Mundus exchange fellowship provided by the Impakt program of the European Union.

Funding

Kerala State Planning Board for funding (Grant no.: 1125/2013/H.Edn/10/06/2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Kerala, India

    CD Aju, Pranav Prakash & Rajesh Reghunath

  2. Department of Climate Variability and Aquatic Ecosystems, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS), Kochi-682 508, Kerala, India

    AL Achu

  3. International and Inter University Centre for Natural Resources Management, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Kerala, India

    Rajesh Reghunath

  4. Hydrology and Climatology Research Group, Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kozhikode, 673571, India

    MC Raicy

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Contributions

Aju C D: conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, and manuscript writing; A L Achu: methodology, data analysis, and manuscript writing; Pranav Prakash: data analysis; Rajesh Reghunath: manuscript correction and reviewing; Raicy M C: manuscript correction and reviewing.

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Aju, C., Achu, A., Prakash, P. et al. An integrated groundwater resource management approach for sustainable development in a tropical river basin, southern India. Environ Monit Assess 195, 1129 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11682-z

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