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Morphological parameters of hepatocytes in the European mole (Talpa europaea) and herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis) under industrial pollution: Qualitative and quantitative assessment

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Abstract

Morphological alterations of cells and tissues usually occur in biological organisms exposed to environmental contaminants, there by acting as a biomarker of environmental pollution, thus, making this study highly pertinent. The effect of industrial pollution on the qualitative and quantitative morphological parameters of hepatocytes (through histological analysis and cytomorphometry) was studied in two contrasting species of small mammals (Talpa europaea and Sylvaemus uralensis), taking into account the animal age (young and adult groups) and liver concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb). Studies were performed in the regions exposed to emissions from two currently operating copper smelters: Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Middle Urals, T. europaea catching area) and Karabash Copper Smelter (Southern Urals, S. uralensis catching area). Seven morphometric parameters of hepatocytes were measured, of which two key parameters were selected by the method of principal components—the cell packing density and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (N/C). It was found that cell packing density in T. europaea from the impact zone decreased relative to the background area in young animals. At the same time, the differences in this parameter between the age groups from the background zone were leveled in the impact area of catching. The N/C ratio in T. europaea hepatocytes showed no correlation with either animal age or site of capture (background or impact area). In S. uralensis, both parameters, even taking into account the age, were found to be insensitive to indicate an effect of industrial pollution. Dystrophic changes (tested through histological analysis) in the liver tissue were revealed in all animal groups, but their frequency did not depend on any of the factors (age, zone) as well as the level of accumulation of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Pb). Morphometric parameters of hepatocytes have proved to be more reliable indicators of pollution, compared to the frequency of liver histopathology, due to lower subjectivity in their evaluation.

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The authors declare that (the/all other) data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article (and its supplementary information files).

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to E.V. Vorobeichik, N.A. Gorgolyuk and all anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on the manuscript and to our colleague E.Kh. Akhunova for her help with chemical analysis.

Funding

This study was supported by the State Contract (No 122021000076-9) of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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  1. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. 8 Marta 202, 620144, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    Yulia A. Davydova, Dina V. Nesterkova & Svetlana V. Mukhacheva

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  1. Yulia A. Davydova
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  2. Dina V. Nesterkova
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  3. Svetlana V. Mukhacheva
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The first draft of the manuscript and the drawing of charts were written by Yulia Davydova, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. The sample collection, data sorting, and experimental operation were completed by Dina Nesterkova and Svetlana Mukhacheva. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yulia A. Davydova.

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Davydova, Y.A., Nesterkova, D.V. & Mukhacheva, S.V. Morphological parameters of hepatocytes in the European mole (Talpa europaea) and herb field mouse (Sylvaemus uralensis) under industrial pollution: Qualitative and quantitative assessment. Environ Monit Assess 195, 300 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-10810-5

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