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Ecosystem services of human-dominated watersheds and land use influences: a case study from the Dianchi Lake watershed in China

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Abstract

Watersheds provide multiple ecosystem services. Ecosystem service assessment is a promising approach to investigate human-environment interaction at the watershed scale. The spatial characteristics of ecosystem services are closely related to land use statuses in human-dominated watersheds. This study aims to investigate the effects of land use on the spatial variations of ecosystem services at the Dianchi Lake watershed in Southwest China. We investigated the spatial variations of six ecosystem services—food supply, net primary productivity (NPP), habitat quality, evapotranspiration, water yield, and nitrogen retention. These services were selected based on their significance at the Dianchi Lake watershed and the availability of their data. The quantification of these services was based on modeling, value transference, and spatial analysis in combination with biophysical and socioeconomic data. Furthermore, we calculated the values of ecosystem services provided by different land use types and quantified the correlations between ecosystem service values and land use area proportions. The results show considerable spatial variations in the six ecosystem services associated with land use influences in the Dianchi Lake watershed. The cropland and forest land use types had predominantly positive influences on food productivity and NPP, respectively. The rural residential area and forest land use types reduced and enhanced habitat quality, respectively; these influences were identical to those of evapotranspiration. Urban area and rural residential area exerted significantly positive influences on water yield. In contrast, water yield was negatively correlated with forest area proportion. Finally, cropland and forest had significantly positive and negative influences, respectively, on nitrogen retention. Our study emphasizes the importance of consideration of the influences from land use composition and distribution on ecosystem services for managing the ecosystems of human-dominated watersheds.

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Notes

  1. Food supply is a typical ecosystem provisioning service, which is often a subject of trade-offs with many other services (Kandziora et al. 2013). Water yield is a key provisioning service of watershed areas. It is sensitive to the changes of landscapes, climate, and hydrological and topographical states (Leh et al. 2013). NPP is a proxy of the global climate regulation service, as it represents the net carbon uptake from the atmosphere into the biosphere (Ingraham and Foster 2008). Habitat quality represents the capability of the land to support biodiversity and relates to the capacity of ecosystems to provide conditions suitable for individual and population persistence (Tallis et al. 2013a). Evapotranspiration is a typical local climate regulation service, as it is an important process of surface temperature reduction. Nitrogen retention is a proxy for water purification, which is an important ecosystem-regulating service (Leh et al. 2013).

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Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2014BAC15B04), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601556), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-DQC034, KFJ-EW-ZY-004). We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

    Ying Hou & Weiping Chen

  2. College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Ying Hou & Bo Li

  3. Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Olshausenstr 75, D 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Felix Müller

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  1. Ying Hou
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Correspondence to Bo Li.

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Descriptions of the relationships between nitrogen retention, export, load, and retention potential, and the associated figures. (DOCX 1.07 mb)

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Table 6 The time, scales, and sources of the data used in quantifying the ecosystem services in this study
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Hou, Y., Li, B., Müller, F. et al. Ecosystem services of human-dominated watersheds and land use influences: a case study from the Dianchi Lake watershed in China. Environ Monit Assess 188, 652 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5629-0

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