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A new dagger nematode, Xiphinema tica n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), from Costa Rica with updating of the polytomous key of Loof and Luc (1990)

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Abstract

A new dagger nematode, Xiphinema tica n. sp., is described and illustrated from several populations extracted from soil associated with several crops and wild plants in Costa Rica. The new dagger nematode is characterised by a moderate body size (3276–4240 μm), a rounded lip region, ca 13.5 μm wide, separated from body contour by a shallow depression, amphidial fovea large, stirrup-shaped, a moderately long odontostyle ca 135 μm long, stylet guiding ring located at ca 122 μm from anterior end, vulva almost equatorial (50–54%), well-developed Z-organ, with heavy muscularised wall containing in the most of specimens observed two moderately refractive inclusions variable in shape (from round to star-shaped), with uterine spines and crystalloid bodies; female tail short, dorsally convex-conoid, with rounded end and a small peg, with a c’ ratio ca 0.8, bearing two or three pairs of caudal pores and male absent. The unique and novel uterine differentiation based on the coexistence of a well-developed Z-organ mixed with uterine spines and crystalloid bodies in Xiphinema prompted us to update and include this combination of characters in the polytomous key of Loof and Luc (1990). Integrative diagnosis was completed with molecular data obtained, using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, ITS1-rDNA, partial 18S–rDNA and the partial mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coxI). The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other Xiphinema spp. indicated that X. tica n. sp. was monophyletic to the other species from the morphospecies Group 4, Xiphinema oleae.

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Notes

  1. The species epithet refers to Costa Rica, the geographic origin of the nematode.

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Acknowledgements

Research was supported by grant of Universidad Nacional and FIDA (Fondo Institucional al Desarrollo Académico) from Costa Rica. The fourth author is a recipient of a “Juan de La Cierva” contract from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain. The authors thank J. Martín Barbarroja and G. León Ropero from IAS-CSIC for the excellent technical assistance, and anonymous reviewers and editor for their valuable suggestions to improve the manuscript.

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  1. Laboratorio de Nematología, Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, 86-3000, Costa Rica

    Walter Peraza-Padilla & Tatiana Zamora-Araya

  2. Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain

    Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Juan E. Palomares-Rius, Pablo Castillo & Antonio Archidona-Yuste

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Peraza-Padilla, W., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Zamora-Araya, T. et al. A new dagger nematode, Xiphinema tica n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), from Costa Rica with updating of the polytomous key of Loof and Luc (1990). Eur J Plant Pathol 150, 73–90 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1253-2

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