Abstract
Leaves of Xanthium strumarium infected with downy mildew were collected in the vicinity of a sunflower field in southern Hungary in 2003. Based on phenotypic characteristics of sporangiophores, sporangia and oospores as well as host preference the pathogen was classified as Plasmopara angustiterminalis. Additional phenotypic characters were investigated such as the size of sporangia, the number of zoospores per sporangium and the time-course of their release. Infection studies revealed infectivity of the P. angustiterminalis isolate to both X. strumarium and Helianthus annuus. Inoculation of the sunflower inbred line, HA-335 with resistance to all known P. halstedii pathotypes, resulted in profuse sporulation on cotyledons and formation of oospores in the bases of hypocotyls. Infections of sunflower differential lines often led to damping-off. Molecular genetic analysis using simple sequence repeat primers and nuclear rDNA sequences revealed clear differences to Plasmopara halstedii, the downy mildew pathogen of sunflower.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cohen, Y., & Sackston, W. E. (1973). Factors affecting infection of sunflower by Plasmopara halstedii. Canadian Journal of Botany, 51, 15–22.
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution, 39, 783–791.
Gulya, T. J., Rashid, K. Y., & Masirevic, S. M. (1997). Sunflower diseases. In A. A. Schneider (Ed.), Sunflower technology and production (pp. 263–379). Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy.
Heller, A., Rozynek, B., & Spring, O. (1997). Cytological and physiological reasons for the latent type of infection in sunflower caused by Plasmopara halstedii. Journal of Phytopathology, 145, 441–445.
Jukes, T. H., & Cantor, C. (1969). Evolution of protein molecules. In H. N. Munro (Ed.), Mammalian protein metabolism (pp. 21–132). New York: Academic Press.
Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K., & Miyata, T. (2002). MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30, 3059–3066.
Leppik, E. E. (1966). Origin and specialisation of Plasmopara halstedii complex on the Compositae. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 14, 72–76.
Mitchell, J. I., & Zuccaro, A. (2006). Sequences, the environment and fungi. Mycologist, 20, 62–74.
Novotelnova, N. S. (1962). Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni as a conspecies. Botanicheski Zhurnal, 47, 970–981. [in Russian] (Abstract, Reviews in Applied Mycology 42: 4).
Novotelnova, N. S. (1963). A survey of Plasmopara species parasitic on Compositae. In Proceedings of the second symposium on problems in investigating the fungus and lichen flora of the Baltic Republics (pp. 111–118). Lithuanian SSR, Vilnius, USSR: Academy of Sciences.
Novotelnova, N. S. (1966). Lozhnaya muchnistaya rosa podsolnechnika (Downy mildew of sunflower). [in Russian] Nauka, Moscow, pp. 39–55.
O' Donnell, K. (1993). Fusarium and its near relatives. In D. R. Reynolds, J. W. Taylor (Eds.), The fungal holomorph: Mitotic, meiotic, and pleomorphic speciation in fungal systematics (pp. 225–233). Wallingford: CAB International.
Page, R. D. M. (1996). TREEVIEW: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Computer Applications in the Biosciences, 12, 357–358.
Riethmüller, A., Voglmayr, H., Göker, M., Weiß, M., & Oberwinkler, F. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships of the downy mildews (Peronosporales) and related groups based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycologia, 94, 834–849.
Rzhetsky, A., & Nei, M. (1993). Theoretical foundation of the Minimum-Evolution method of phylogenetic inference. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, 1073–1095.
Sackston, W. E. (1981). Downy mildew of sunflower. In D. M. Spencer (Ed.), The downy mildews (pp. 545–575). London, UK: Academic Press.
Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 406–425.
Savulescu, M. A. R. (1941). Die auf Compositen parasitierenden Plasmopara Arten. Bulletin de la Section Scientifique de l’ Academie Roumaine, 24, 1–23.
Sokal, R. R., & Michener, M. A. (1958). Statistical method for evaluating systematic relationship. University Kansas Scientific Bulletin, 28, 1409–1438.
Spring, O., & Haas, K. (2002). The fatty acid composition of Plasmopara halstedii and its taxonomic significance. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 108, 263–267.
Spring, O., & Thines, M. (2004). On the necessity of new characters for classification and systematics of biotrophic Peronosporomycetes. Planta, 219, 910–914.
Spring, O., Rozynek, B., & Zipper, R. (1997). Leaf disk inoculation: A useful tool for selecting infections of sunflower downy mildew at low inoculum concentration, but inappropriate to pathotypes characterisation. Journal of Phytopathology, 145, 189–191.
Spring, O., Rozynek, B., & Zipper, R. (1998). Single spore infections with sunflower downy mildew. Journal of Phytopathology, 146, 577–579.
Spring, O., Voglmayr, H., Riethmüller, A., & Oberwinkler, F. (2003). Characterisation of a Plasmopara isolate from Helianthus × laetiflorus based on cross infection, morphological, fatty acids and molecular phylogenetic data. Mycological Progress, 2, 163–170.
Spring, O., Bachofer, M., Thines, M., Riethmüller, A., Göker, M., & Oberwinkler, F. (2006). Intraspecific relationship of Plasmopara halstedii isolates differing in pathogenicity and geographic origin based on ITS sequence data. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 114, 309–315.
Thines, M. (2007). Characterisation and phylogeny of repetitive elements giving rise to exceptional length of ITS2 in several downy mildew genera (Peronosporaceae). Fungal Genetics and Biology, 44, 199–207.
Thines, M., Komjati, H., & Spring, O. (2005). Exceptional length of ITS in Plasmopara halstedii is due to multiple repetitions in the ITS-2 region. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 112, 395–398.
Tourvieille, L. D., Gulya, T. J., Masirevic, S., Penaud, A., Rashid, K. Y., & Virányi, F. (2000). New nomenclature of races of Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew). In Proceedings of the 15th International Sunflower Conference (Vol. 2, I: 61–65). Toulouse.
Van de Peer, Y., & De Wachter, R. (1994). TREECON for Windows: A software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment. Computer Applications in the Biosciences, 10, 569–570.
Virányi, F. (1984). Recent research on the downy mildew of sunflower in Hungary. Helia, 7, 35–38.
Virányi, F. (1992). Plasmopara halstedii. In: EPPO Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests, pp. 612–617.
Virányi, F., & Oros, G. (1991). Developmental stage response to fungicides of Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew). Mycological Research, 95, 199–205.
Voglmayr, H., Riethmüller, A., Göker, M., Weiß, M., & Oberwinkler, F. (2004). Phylogenetic relationsships of Plasmopara, Bremia and other genera of the downy mildews with pyriform haustoria based on Bayesian analysis of partial LSU rDNA sequence data. Mycological Research, 108, 1011–1024.
Voglmayr, H., Fatehi, J., & Constantinescu, O. (2006). Revision of Plasmopara (Chromista, Peronosporales) parasitic on Geraniaceae. Mycological Research, 110, 633–645.
Acknowledgements
This work was kindly supported by a DAAD grant A/03/30179 for H. Komjáti.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Komjáti, H., Walcz, I., Virányi, F. et al. Characteristics of a Plasmopara angustiterminalis isolate from Xanthium strumarium . Eur J Plant Pathol 119, 421–428 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9178-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9178-9