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An overview of the impacts of coal mining and processing on soil: assessment, monitoring, and challenges in the Czech Republic

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Abstract

Coal mining activities are causing an extensive range of environmental issues at both operating and abandoned mine sites. It is one of the most environmentally destructive practices, with the capability to eliminate fauna and flora, impact the groundwater system, and pollute the soil, air, and water. The Czech Republic relies almost exclusively on coal as its primary domestic source of energy. The combined reserves of hard and brown coals in this country are 705 million tons. About 50 million tons of coal is produced annually, making it the 14th biggest producer in the world. Soil degradation is an inevitable outcome of the coal production from surface coal mining procedures in the Czech Republic. Significant changes have taken place in soil productivity, hydraulic characteristics, horizon, and texture as a result of soil pollution, bioturbation, compaction, and weathering. The current review has evaluated the impact of reclamation and coal mining on soil characteristics, including biological, chemical, and physical properties. Additionally, the study has outlined the process of soil formation in reclamation areas in the Czech Republic. In nutshell, research gaps and future directions in understanding coal mining areas and their influences on soils in the Czech Republic are identified.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

(Source Vráblík et al., 2017)

Fig. 3

Adopted from Kořeny (2012)

Fig. 4

(Source Stephen Greb, 2009)

Fig. 5

(Adopted from: Vrablikova et al. (2016))

Fig. 6

(Source O. Mudrak)

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Data availability

The datasets generated during this study are presented in the tables in this manuscript and in the supplementary material.

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  1. Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, The University of Jan Evangelista in Ústí nad Labem (UJEP), Pasteurova 3632/15, 400 96, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic

    Abdulmannan Rouhani & Michal Hejcman

  2. Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland

    Mariusz Z. Gusiatin

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AR helped in conceptualization, methodology, investigation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing. MZG and MH contributed to conceptualization, writing—review & editing. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Rouhani, A., Gusiatin, M.Z. & Hejcman, M. An overview of the impacts of coal mining and processing on soil: assessment, monitoring, and challenges in the Czech Republic. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7459–7490 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01700-x

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