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Trace element contamination in soils surrounding the open-cast coal mines of eastern Raniganj basin, India

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Abstract

Trace element pollution of soils surrounding coal-mining areas affects the health of local communities. The increasing coal-mining and associated activities in the Raniganj basin (east India) have led to increased soil concentration of certain trace elements. To quantify the elevated trace element (TE) concentrations in the soil surrounding coal-mining areas, 83 surface soil, coal, and shale samples were collected from open-cast mining areas of the eastern Raniganj basin. The soils present are sandy silt, silty sand, and silty in nature, but almost no clay. They are acidic (pH = 4.3) to slightly alkaline (pH = 7.9) with a mean electrical conductivity (EC) of 340.45 µS/cm and a mean total organic carbon (TOC) of 1.80%. The northern and western parts of the study area were found to be highly polluted by certain metallic trace elements. The relevant environmental indices, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factors (CF), enrichment factors (EF), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated and assessed. Analysis revealed that Cr was highly enriched in these soil samples, followed by Pb, Co, Cu, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, As, and Al. Geostatistical analyses (correlation coefficients and principal component analysis) indicated that the occurrence of some trace elements (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) is most likely linked to the various coal-mining operations in the study area. However, the anomalous Cr and Pb distributions are likely influenced by other anthropogenic, mainly industrial, inputs besides coal mining. These results justify the adoption of rigorous soil monitoring programs in the vicinity of coal-mining areas, to identify pollution hotspots and to develop strategies to reduce or mitigate such environmentally damaging pollution.

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Acknowledgements

The Director CSIR-CIMFR is thankfully acknowledged for giving permission to conduct this work at CSIR-CIMFR. Prasenjeet Chakraborty thankfully acknowledges the Director CSIR-CIMFR and AcSIR for doctoral registration and Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, for providing DST-INSPIRE fellowship. The authors are acknowledging the help provided by Dr. Sudip Maity and Dr. Hridesh Agarwalla for digestion of samples in microwave digester and Dr. R. Ebhin Masto for the ICP-OES analysis of the samples.

Funding

This work was supported by Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (Sanction No. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2019/IF190572). Author Prasenjeet Chakraborty has received research support from Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Barwa Road Campus, 826 015, Dhanbad, India

    Prasenjeet Chakraborty, Siddharth Singh & Bodhisatwa Hazra

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India

    Prasenjeet Chakraborty, Siddharth Singh & Bodhisatwa Hazra

  3. DWA Energy Limited, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK

    David A. Wood

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Contributions

PC, SS, and BH were involved in conceptualization. PC and DAW contributed to data curation, software, and statistics. PC was involved in formal analysis and roles/writing—original draft. PC and SS contributed to methodology. PC and SS contributed to resources. SS and BH were involved in supervision. SS, BH, and DAW were involved in validation. PC, DAW, SS, and BH were involved in writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Siddharth Singh.

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Chakraborty, P., Wood, D.A., Singh, S. et al. Trace element contamination in soils surrounding the open-cast coal mines of eastern Raniganj basin, India. Environ Geochem Health 45, 7275–7302 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01556-1

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