Abstract
In nature, certain animals share a common living environment with humans, thus these animals have become biomonitors of health effects related to various environmental exposures. As one of the most toxic environmental chemicals, lead (Pb) can cause detriment health effects to animals, plants, and even humans through different exposure pathways such as atmosphere, soil, food, water, and dust, etc. Sentinel animals played an “indicative” role in the researches of environmental pollution monitoring and human health. In order to comprehend the usage of sentinel animals in the indication of environmental Pb pollution and human Pb exposure completely, a combination of traditional review and visualization analysis based on CiteSpace literature was used to review earlier researches in this study. In the first instance, present researches on exposure sources and exposure pathways of Pb were summarized briefly, and then the studies using sentinel animals to monitor environmental heavy metal pollution and human health were combed. Finally, visualization software CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to explore and analyze the hotspots and frontiers of lead exposure and sentinel animals researches at home and abroad. The results showed that certain mammals were good indicators for human lead exposure. Sentinel animals had been widely used to monitor the ecological environment and human lead exposure. Among them, the blood lead levels of small mammals, particularly for domestic dogs and cats, had a significant correlation with the blood lead levels of human living in the same environment. It indicated that certain biological indicators in animals can be used as surrogates to monitor human body exposure to heavy metals. This study also explored the challenges and perspectives that may be faced in sentinel animal research, in order to provide a certain theoretical basis and train of thought guidance for future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.
References
Abdel-Halim, K. Y., El-Saad, A. M. A., Talha, M. M., Hussein, A. A., & Bakry, N. M. (2013). Oxidative stress on land snail Helix aspersa as a sentinel organism for ecotoxicological effects of urban pollution with heavy metals. Chemosphere, 93(6), 1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.042
Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C. A., & Reale, E. (2019). Peer review versus bibliometrics: Which method better predicts the scholarly impact of publications? Scientometrics, 121(3), 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03184-y
Adebamowo, E. O., Clark, C. S., Roda, S., Agbede, O. A., Sridhar, M., & Adebamowo, C. A. (2007). Lead content of dried films of domestic paints currently sold in Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 388(1–3), 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.061
Aeluro, S., & Kavanagh, T. J. (2021). Domestic cats as environmental lead sentinels in low-income populations: A One Health pilot study sampling the fur of animals presented to a high-volume spay/neuter clinic. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(41), 57925–57938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14769-7
Aisemberg, J., Nahabedian, D. E., Wider, E. A., & Guerrero, N. R. V. (2005). Comparative study on two freshwater invertebrates for monitoring environmental lead exposure. Toxicology, 210(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2005.01.005
Ali, D., Almarzoug, M. H. A., Al Ali, H., Samdani, M. S., Hussain, S. A., & Alarifi, S. (2020). Fish as bio indicators to determine the effects of pollution in river by using the micronucleus and alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Journal of King Saud University Science, 32(6), 2880–2885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2020.07.012
Alves, L. M. F., Nunes, M., Marchand, P., Le Bizec, B., Mendes, S., Correia, J. P. S., Lemos, M. F. L., & Novais, S. C. (2016). Blue sharks (Prionace glauca) as bioindicators of pollution and health in the Atlantic Ocean: Contamination levels and biochemical stress responses. Science of the Total Environment, 563, 282–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.085
Amoozadeh, E., Malek, M., Rashidinejad, R., Nabavi, S., Karbassi, M., Ghayoumi, R., Ghorbanzadeh-Zafarani, G., Salehi, H., & Sures, B. (2014). Marine organisms as heavy metal bioindicators in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(3), 2386–2395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1890-8
Angeles, J., Leonardo, L. R., Goto, Y., Kirinoki, M., Villacorte, E. A., Hakimi, H., Moendeg, K. J., Lee, S., Rivera, P. T., & Inoue, N. (2015). Water buffalo as sentinel animals for schistosomiasis surveillance. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93(7), 511–512. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.143065
ATSDR. (2020). Toxicological profile for lead. Agency for toxic substances and disease registry (ATSDR). https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp13.pdf.
Backer, L. C., Grindem, C. B., Corbett, W. T., Cullins, L., & Hunter, J. L. (2001). Pet dogs as sentinels for environmental contamination [Article; Proceedings Paper]. Science of the Total Environment, 274(1–3), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00740-9
Baghurst, P. A., Tong, S. L., Mcmichael, A. J., Robertson, E. F., Wigg, N. R., & Vimpani, G. V. (1992). Determinants of blood lead concentrations to age 5 years in a birth cohort study of children living in the lead smelting city of Port Pirie and surrounding areas. Archives of Environmental Health, 47(3), 203. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1992.9938350
Balagangatharathilagar, M., Swarup, D., Patra, R. C., & Dwivedi, S. K. (2006). Blood lead level in dogs from urban and rural areas of India and its relation to animal and environmental variables [Article]. Science of the Total Environment, 359(1–3), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.063
Baos, R., Cabezas, S., Gonzalez, M. J., Jimenez, B., & Delibes, M. (2022). Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as sentinel species for the long-term biomonitoring of the Guadiamar River after the Aznalcollar mine spill. Science of the Total Environment, 802, 149669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149669
Baroudi, F., Al Alam, J., Fajloun, Z., & Millet, M. (2020). Snail as sentinel organism for monitoring the environmental pollution: A review. Ecological Indicators. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106240
Beeby, A., & Richmond, L. (2003). Do the soft tissues of Helix aspersa serve as a quantitative sentinel of predicted free lead concentrations in soils? Applied Soil Ecology, 22(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(02)00130-0
Behmke, S., Fallon, J., Duerr, A. E., Lehner, A., Buchweitz, J., & Katzner, T. (2015). Chronic lead exposure is epidemic in obligate scavenger populations in eastern North America. Environment International, 79, 51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.010
Di Bella, G., Pizzullo, G., Bua, G. D., Potorti, A. G., Santini, A., & Giacobbe, S. (2018). Mapping toxic mineral contamination: the southern oyster drill, S-haemastoma (L. 1767), as evaluable sentinel species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6380-x
Berny, P. J., Côté, L. M., & Buck, W. B. (1995). Can household pets be used as reliable monitors of lead exposure to humans? Science of the Total Environment, 172(2–3), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04787-5
Bervoets, L., & Blust, R. (2003). Metal concentrations in water, sediment and gudgeon (Gobio gobio) from a pollution gradient: Relationship with fish condition factor. Environmental Pollution, 126(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00173-8
Bezuidenhout, J., Dames, N., Botha, A., Frontasyeva, M. V., Goryainova, Z. I., & Pavlov, D. (2015). Trace elements in mediterranean mussels mytilus galloprovincialis from the south african west coast. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S-Chemia I Inzynieria Ekologiczna S, 22(4), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.1515/eces-2015-0028
Binkowski, L. J., Blaszczyk, M., Przystupinska, A., Ozgo, M., & Massanyi, P. (2019). Metal concentrations in archaeological and contemporary mussel shells (Unionidae): Reconstruction of past environmental conditions and the present state. Chemosphere, 228, 756–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.190
Brait, C. H. H., Antoniosi, N. R., & Furtado, M. M. (2009). Utilization of wild animal hair for the environmental monitoring of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb e Zn. Quimica Nova, 32(6), 1384–1388. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422009000600004
Brand, A. F., Hynes, J., Walker, L. A., Pereira, M. G., Lawlor, A. J., Williams, R. J., Shore, R. F., & Chadwick, E. A. (2020). Biological and anthropogenic predictors of metal concentration in the Eurasian otter, a sentinel of freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Pollution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115280
Burger, J., Mizrahi, D., Jeitner, C., Tsipoura, N., Mobley, J., & Gochfeld, M. (2019). Metal and metalloid levels in blood of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) from Brazil, Suriname, and Delaware Bay: Sentinels of exposure to themselves, their prey, and predators that eat them. Environmental Research, 173, 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.048
Cai, F., & Calisi, R. M. (2016). Seasons and neighborhoods of high lead toxicity in New York City: The feral pigeon as a bioindicator. Chemosphere, 161, 274–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.002
Canzanella, S., Danese, A., Mandato, M., Lucifora, G., Riverso, C., Federico, G., Gallo, P., & Esposito, M. (2021). Concentrations of trace elements in tissues of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian coastlines (Calabria, Italy). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(21), 26545–26557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12499-4
Cao, S. Z., Duan, X. L., Zhao, X. G., Wang, B. B., Ma, J., Fan, D. L., Sun, C. Y., He, B., Wei, F. S., & Jiang, G. B. (2014). Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children’s blood lead around coking plant area. Environment International, 73, 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.07.015
Cao, S., Duan, X., Zhao, X., Chen, Y., Wang, B., Sun, C., Zheng, B., & Wei, F. (2016). Health risks of children’s cumulative and aggregative exposure to metals and metalloids in a typical urban environment in China. Chemosphere, 147, 404–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.134
Cao, S. Z., Wen, D. S., Chen, X., Duan, X. L., Zhang, L. L., Wang, B. B., Qin, N., & Wei, F. S. (2022). Source identification of pollution and health risks to metals in household indoor and outdoor dust: A cross-sectional study in a typical mining town, China. Environmental Pollution, 293(15), 118551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118551
Cao, S. Z., Duan, X. L., Zhao, X. G., Wang, B. B., Ma, J., Fan, D. L., Sun, C. Y., He, B., Wei, F. S., & Jiang, G. B. (2015a). Health risk assessment of various metal(loid)s via multiple exposure pathways on children living near a typical lead-acid battery plant, China [Article]. Environmental Pollution, 200, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.010
Cao, S. Z., Duan, X. L., Zhao, X. G., Wang, B. B., Ma, J., Fan, D. L., Sun, C. Y., He, B., Wei, F. S., & Jiang, G. B. (2015b). Levels and source apportionment of children’s lead exposure: Could urinary lead be used to identify the levels and sources of children’s lead pollution? [Article]. Environmental Pollution, 199, 18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.035
Cardiel, I. E., Taggart, M. A., & Mateo, R. (2011). Using Pb-Al ratios to discriminate between internal and external deposition of Pb in feathers. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74(4), 911–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.015
Carkaj, L., Selimi, Q., Ismaili, M., & Plakiqi Milaimi, A. (2021). Monitoring of environmental pollution by heavy metal through the roman snail (helix pomatia) in mitrovica-kosovo. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 16(2), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2021/016/191
Carneiro, M., Colaco, B., Brandao, R., Ferreira, C., Santos, N., Soeiro, V., Colaco, A., Pires, M. J., Oliveira, P. A., & Lavin, S. (2014). Biomonitoring of heavy metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) and metalloid (As) with the Portuguese common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(11), 7011–7021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3906-3
Chen, C. M., Chen, Y., Hou, J. H., & Liang, Y. X. (2009). CiteSpacell: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient paternsin scientific literature. Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, 28(3), 401–421. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20317
Chen, C., & Song, M. (2019). Visualizing a field of research: A methodology of systematic scientometric reviews. PLoS ONE, 14(10), e0223994. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223994
Chen, Y. F., Jin-Rong, X. U., Duan, X. L., Cao, S. Z., Sun, S. W., & Kang, Y. J. (2019). Health risks of cumulative oral exposure to heavy metals for children living around a coking enterprise. China Environmental Science, 39(11), 4865–4874. https://doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.2019.0568
Chen, Y., Chen, C. M., Liu, Z. Y., Gang, H. Z., Wang, X. W., Lab, W., Informatics, & University, D. (2015). The methodology function of Cite Space mapping knowledge domains. Studies in Science of Science, 33(02), 242–253. https://doi.org/10.16192/j.cnki.1003-2053.2015.02.009
Chiba, W. A. C., Passerini, M. D., & Tundisi, J. G. (2011). Metal contamination in benthic macroinvertebrates in a sub-basin in the southeast of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(2), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000300008
Cid, F. D., Fernandez, N. C., Perez-Chaca, M. V., Pardo, R., Caviedes-Vidal, E., & Chediack, J. G. (2018). House sparrow biomarkers as lead pollution bioindicators. Evaluation of dose and exposition length on hematological and oxidative stress parameters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 154, 154–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.040
Ciliberti, A., Berny, P., Delignette-Muller, M. L., & de Buffrenil, V. (2011). The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus; Squamata: Varanidae) as a sentinel species for lead and cadmium contamination in sub-Saharan wetlands. Science of the Total Environment, 409(22), 4735–4745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.028
Clark, C. S., Rampal, K. G., Thuppil, V., Roda, S. M., Succop, P., Menrath, W., Chen, C. K., Adebamowo, E. O., Agbede, O. A., Sridhar, M. K. C., Adebamowo, C. A., Zakaria, Y., El-Safty, A., Shinde, R. M., & Yu, J. F. (2009). Lead levels in new enamel household paints from Asia, Africa and South America [Article]. Environmental Research, 109(7), 930–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.002
Colakoglu, S., Kunili, I. E., & Colakoglu, F. (2020). Bioaccumulation monitoring of chemical contaminants in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from the southern coast of the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 44(2), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1905-7
Costa, A., Veca, M., Barberis, M., Cicerinegri, L., & Tangorra, F. M. (2021). Predicting atmospheric cadmium and lead using honeybees as atmospheric heavy metals pollution indicators. Results of a monitoring survey in Northern Italy. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20(1), 850–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2021.1929523
Cunningham, A. A., Daszak, P., & Wood, J. (2017). One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: Two decades of progress? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences, 372(1725), 20160167. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0167
Daby, D. (2006). Coastal pollution and potential biomonitors of metals in Mauritius. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 174(1–4), 63–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-9035-4
Davis, A. R., de Mestre, C., Maher, W., Krikowa, F., & Broad, A. (2014). Sponges as sentinels: Metal accumulation using transplanted sponges across a metal gradient. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 33(12), 2818–2825. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2747
Davis, J. J., & Gulson, B. L. (2005). Ceiling (attic) dust: A “museum” of contamination and potential hazard [Article]. Environmental Research, 99(2), 177–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2004.10.011
Da Silva, L. T. R., De Oliveira, E. F., Kunst, T. D. H., Rolim, V. P. M., Silva, J., Regueira, R. F. S., Paim, A. P. S., Soares, P. C., & Oliveira, A. A. D. (2017). Heavy Metal Concentrations in Free-Living Southern Caracaras (Caracara plancus) in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 45, Article 1508. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000415246200001
De Mestre, C., Maher, W., Roberts, D., Broad, A., Krikowa, F., & Davis, A. R. (2012). Sponges as sentinels: Patterns of spatial and intra-individual variation in trace metal concentration. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.020
DiGeronimo, P. M., Di Girolamo, N., Grasperge, B. J., Gregory, B. B., Jowett, P., & Nevarez, J. G. (2018). Assessment of blood lead, zinc, and mercury concentrations and cholinesterase activity in captive-reared alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in Louisiana, USA. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 54(3), 553–557. https://doi.org/10.7589/2017-06-129
Dinc, H., Yigin, A., & Bozkaya, F. (2019). Trace elements and metal content in the feathers of the northern bald ibis (geronticus eremita). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6), 14823–14834. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1706_1482314834
Dip, R., Stieger, C., Deplazes, P., Hegglin, D., Muller, U., Dafflon, O., Koch, H., & Naegeli, H. (2001). Comparison of heavy metal concentrations in tissues of red foxes from adjacent urban, suburban, and rural areas. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 40(4), 551–556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002440010209
Duarte, L. F. D., Blasco, J., Catharino, M. G. M., Moreira, E. G., Trombini, C., Nobre, C. R., Moreno, B. B., Abessa, D. M. D., & Pereira, C. D. S. (2020). Lead toxicity on a sentinel species subpopulation inhabiting mangroves with different status conservation. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126394
Duarte, L. F. D., de Souza, C. A., Pereira, C. D. S., & Pinheiro, M. A. A. (2017). Metal toxicity assessment by sentinel species of mangroves: In situ case study integrating chemical and biomarkers analyses. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 145, 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.051
Duggan, M. J., Inskip, M. J., Rundle, S. A., & Moorcroft, J. S. (1985). Lead in playground dust and on the hands of schoolchildren. Science of the Total Environment, 44(1), 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90051-8
Eberly, S. W., Lanphear, B., Emond, M., Weitzman, M., Winter, J. N., Yakir, B., Matte, T. D., & Tanner, R. M. (1996). Lead-contaminated house dust and urban children’s blood lead levels. American Journal of Public Health, 86(10), 1416. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.86.10.1416
EPA., U. S. (1986). Air Quality Criteria for Lead (Final Report, 1986) (EPA/600/8–83/028AF (NTIS PB87142386)).
EPA., U. S. (2006). Air Quality Criteria For Lead (Final Report, 2006) (EPA/600/R-05/144aF-bF, 2006).
EPA., U. S. (2013). Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Lead (Final Report, Jul 2013 (EPA/600/R-10/075F).
Ernst, E. (2002). Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 23(3), 136–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01972-6
Espejo, W., Celis, J. E., Gonzalez-Acuna, D., Jara, S., & Barra, R. (2014). Concentration of trace metals in excrements of two species of penguins from different locations of the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology, 37(5), 675–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1468-z
Esposito, M., De Roma, A., Maglio, P., Sansone, D., Picazio, G., Bianco, R., De Martinis, C., Rosato, G., Baldi, L., & Gallo, P. (2019). Heavy metals in organs of stray dogs and cats from the city of Naples and its surroundings (Southern Italy). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(4), 3473–3478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3838-5
Etchevers, A., Bretin, P., Lecoffre, C., Bidondo, M. L., Le Strat, Y., Glorennec, P., & Le Tertre, A. (2014). Blood lead levels and risk factors in young children in France, 2008–2009 [Article]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 217(4–5), 528–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.10.002
Fernandes, D., Bebianno, M. J., & Porte, C. (2008). Hepatic levels of metal and metallothioneins in two commercial fish species of the Northern Iberian shelf. Science of the Total Environment, 391(1), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.057
Filippelli, G. M., Adamic, J., Nichols, D., & Shukle, J. (2018). Mapping the urban lead exposome: A detailed analysis of soil metal concentrations at the household scale using citizen science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7), 1531. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201806.0271.v1
Freeman, N., Ettinger, A., Berry, M., & Rhoads, G. (1997). Hygiene- and food-related behaviors associated with blood lead levels of young children from lead-contaminated homes. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 7(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001648-199503000-00339
Gaines, K. F., Romanek, C. S., Boring, C. S., Lord, C. G., Gochfeld, M., & Burger, J. (2002). Using raccoons as an indicator species for metal accumulation across trophic levels: A stable isotope approach. Journal of Wildlife Management, 66(3), 811–821. https://doi.org/10.2307/3803145
Ganjali, S., & Mortazavi, S. (2014). The Swan Mussel (Anodonta cygnea) in Anzali Wetland of Iran, a Potential Biomonitor for Cd and Pb. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 93(2), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1317-3
Garcia-Tarrason, M., Pacho, S., Jover, L., & Sanpera, C. (2013). Anthropogenic input of heavy metals in two Audouin’s gull breeding colonies. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 74(1), 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.043
Garitano-Zavala, A., Cotin, J., Borras, M., & Nadal, J. (2010). Trace metal concentrations in tissues of two tinamou species in mining areas of Bolivia and their potential as environmental sentinels. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 168(1–4), 629–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1139-7
Ghisleni, G., Spagnolo, V., Roccabianca, P., Scanziani, E., Paltrinieri, S., Lupo, F., Ferretti, E., & Nageli, F. (2004). Blood lead levels, clinico-pathological findings and erythrocyte metabolism in dogs from different habitats. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 46(2), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2987.2004.00129.x
Gibson, J. M., Fisher, M., Clonch, A., MacDonald, J. M., & Cook, P. J. (2020). Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead than those with city water [Article]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(29), 16898–16907. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002729117
Gómez-Morales, M., Selmi, M., Ludovisi, A., Amati, M., & Pozio, E. (2016). Hunting dogs as sentinel animals for monitoring infections with Trichinella spp. in wildlife. Parasites & Vectors, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1437-1
Gonzalez, F., Lopez, I., Suarez, L., Moraleda, V., & Rodriguez, C. (2017). Levels of blood lead in Griffon vultures from a Wildlife Rehabilitation Center in Spain. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 143, 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.010
Gulson, B. L., Mizon, K. J., Korsch, M. J., Howarth, D., Phillips, A., & Hall, J. (1996). Impact on blood lead in children and adults following relocation from their source of exposure and contribution of skeletal tissue to blood lead. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 56(4), 543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900078
Hamir, A. N., Galligan, D. T., Ebel, J. G., Manzell, K. L., & Rupprecht, C. (1994). Blood lead levels of wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) from the Eastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 30(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-30.1.115
Hamir, A. N., & Handson, P. D. (1982). Lead poisoning of dogs in Victoria. Australian Veterinary Journal, 59(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02726.x
Hamir, A. N., Handson, P. D., Sullivan, N. D., & An De Rson, G. (1986). Lead tissue levels of dogs from rural and urban areas of Victoria, Australia. Veterinary Record, 118(3), 77. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.118.3.77
Han, Z. X., Guo, X. Y., Zhang, B. M., Liao, J. G., & Nie, L. S. (2018). Blood lead levels of children in urban and suburban areas in China (1997–2015): Temporal and spatial variations and influencing factors [Article]. Science of the Total Environment, 625, 1659–1666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.315
Hassan, S. (1990). Selenium concentration in egg and body tissue as affected by the level and source of selenium in the hen diet. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 40(3), 279–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015129009438562
Hauser-Davis, R. A., Figueiredo, L., Lemos, L., de Moura, J. F., Rocha, R. C. C., Saintierre, T., Ziolli, R. L., & Siciliano, S. (2020). Subcellular cadmium, lead and mercury compartmentalization in guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) From Southeastern Brazil. Frontiers in Marine Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.584195
Hayes, H. M., Robert, H., & Tarone, R. E. (1981). Bladder cancer in pet dogs: A sentinel for environmental cancer? American Journal of Epidemiology, 114(2), 229–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00896252
Hee, S., Peace, B., Clark, C. S., Boyle, J. R., & Hammond, P. B. (1985). Evolution of efficient methods to sample lead sources, such as house dust and hand dust, in the homes of children. Environmental Research, 38(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(85)90074-X
Hernandez, F., Oldenkamp, R. E., Webster, S., Beasley, J. C., Farina, L. L., & Wisely, S. M. (2017). Raccoons (Procyon lotor) as sentinels of trace element contamination and physiological effects of exposure to coal fly ash. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(2), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-016-0340-2
Hernandez-Plata, I., Rodriguez, V. M., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Carrizalez, L., Villalobos, P., Mendoza-Trejo, M. S., & Mussali-Galante, P. (2020). Metal brain bioaccumulation and neurobehavioral effects on the wild rodentLiomys irroratusinhabiting mine tailing areas. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(29), 36330–36349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09451-3
Hoar, S. K., Blair, A., Holmes, F. F., Boysen, C. D., Robel, R. J., Hoover, R., & Fraumeni, J. F., Jr. (1986). Agricultural herbicide use and risk of lymphoma and soft-tissue sarcoma. Jama, 256(9), 1141–1147. https://doi.org/1001/jama.1986.03380090081023
Hogasen, H. R., Ornsrud, R., Knutsen, H. K., & Bernhoft, A. (2016). Lead intoxication in dogs: Risk assessment of feeding dogs trimmings of lead-shot game. BMC Veterinary Research, 12(1), 152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-016-0771-z
Huo, X., Peng, L., Xu, X. J., Zheng, L. K., Qiu, B., Qi, Z. L., Zhang, B., Han, D., & Piao, Z. X. (2007). Elevated blood lead levels of children in Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling town in China [Article]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(7), 1113–1117. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9697
Ikegami, A., Takagi, M., Fatmi, Z., Kobayashi, Y., Ohtsu, M., Cui, X., Mise, N., Mizuno, A., Sahito, A., Khoso, A., & Kayama, F. (2016). External lead contamination of women’s nails by surma in Pakistan: Is the biomarker reliable? [Article]. Environmental Pollution, 218, 723–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.068
Jantawongsri, K., Norregaard, R. D., Bach, L., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., Jorgensen, K., Lierhagen, S., Ciesielski, T. M., Jenssen, B. M., Haddy, J., Eriksen, R., & Nowak, B. (2021). Histopathological effects of short-term aqueous exposure to environmentally relevant concentration of lead (Pb) in shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) under laboratory conditions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(43), 61423–61440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14972-6
Jarvis, T. A., Lockhart, J. M., Loughry, W. J., & Bielmyer, G. K. (2013). Metal accumulation in wild nine-banded armadillos. Ecotoxicology, 22(6), 1053–1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1093-6
Jerez, S., Motas, M., Benzal, J., Diaz, J., Vidal, V., D’Amico, V., & Barbosa, A. (2013). Distribution of metals and trace elements in adult and juvenile penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(5), 3300–3311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1235-z
Ji, J., Choi, H. J., & Ahn, I. Y. (2006). Evaluation of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum as a sentinel species for metal pollution monitoring in estuarine tidal flats of Korea: Effects of size, sex, and spawning on baseline accumulation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52(4), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.12.012
Jiang, Y. M., Shi, H., Li, J. Y., Shen, C., Liu, J. H., & Yang, H. (2010). Environmental lead exposure among children in Chengdu, China: Blood lead levels and major sources [Article]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 84(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9876-4
LaMotte, L. C., Jr., Grane, G. T., Shriner, R. B., & Kirk, L. J. (1967). Use of adult chickens as arbovirus sentinels. I. Viremia and persistence of antibody in experimentally inoculated adult chickens. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 16(3), 348–56.
Jubril, A. J., Obasa, A. A., Mohammed, S. A., Olopade, J. O., & Taiwo, V. O. (2019). Neuropathological lesions in the brains of goats in North-Western Nigeria: Possible impact of artisanal mining. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(36), 36589–36597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06611-y
Julander, A., Midander, K., Garcia-Garcia, S., Vihlborg, P., & Graff, P. (2020). A case study of brass foundry workers’ estimated lead (Pb) body burden from different exposure routes [Article]. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 64(9), 970–981. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxaa061
Jursa, T., Stein, C. R., & Smith, D. R. (2018). Determinants of hair manganese, lead, cadmium and arsenic levels in environmentally exposed children [Article]. Toxics, 6(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics6020019
Kalisinska, E., Salicki, W., Kavetska, K. M., & Ligocki, M. (2007). Trace metal concentrations are higher in cartilage than in bones of scaup and pochard wintering in Poland. Science of the Total Environment, 388(1–3), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.050
Khan, M. R., Ahmad, N., Ouladsmane, M., & Azam, M. (2021). Heavy metals in acrylic color paints intended for the school children use: A potential threat to the children of early age [Article]. Molecules, 26(8), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082375
Khan, A. T., Thompson, S. J., & Mielke, H. W. (1995). Lead and mercury levels in raccoons from Macon County, Alabama. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 54(6), 812–816. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197963
Kirschner, K., Leinenkugel, K., Makowski, M., Fletcher, A. M., & Calvert, G. M. (2013). Very high blood lead levels among adults - United States, 2002–2011. Mmwr Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 62(47), 967. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1099
Knight, T. E., & Kumar, M. (2003). Lead toxicosis in cats—A review. Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery, 5(5), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1098-612X(03)00047-0
Koh, T. S., & Babidge, P. J. (1986). A comparison of blood lead levels in dogs from a lead-mining, lead-smelting, urban and rural island environment. Australian Veterinary Journal, 63(9), 282–285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb08067.x
Kwan, B. K. Y., Un, V. K. Y., Cheung, S. G., & Shin, P. K. S. (2018). Horseshoe crabs as potential sentinel species for coastal health: Juvenile haemolymph quality and relationship to habitat conditions. Marine and Freshwater Research, 69(6), 894–905. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf17210
Kwapuliński, J., Miroslawski, J., Wiechula, D., Jurkiewicz, A., & Tokarowski, A. (1995). The femur capitulum as a biomarker of contamination due to indicating lead content in the air by participation of the other metals. Science of the Total Environment, 175(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04844-8
Laidlaw, M., Mielke, H. W., Filippelli, G. M., Johnson, D. L., & Gonzales, C. R. (2005). Seasonality and children’s blood lead levels: Developing a predictive model using climatic variables and blood lead data from Indianapolis, Indiana, Syracuse, New york, and New Orleans, Louisiana (USA). Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(6), 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7759
Lanocha, N., Kalisinska, E., Kosik-Bogacka, D. I., Budis, H., Sokolowski, S., & Bohatyrewicz, A. (2013). Comparison of metal concentrations in bones of long-living mammals. Biological Trace Element Research, 152(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9615-x
Lanphear, B. P., Matte, T. D., Rogers, J., Clickner, R. P., & Jacobs, D. E. (1998). The contribution of lead-contaminated house dust and residential soil to children’s blood lead levels. A pooled analysis of 12 epidemiologic studies. Environmental Research, 79(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3859
Lebrun, J. D., Geffard, O., Urien, N., Francois, A., Uher, E., & Fechner, L. C. (2015). Seasonal variability and inter-species comparison of metal bioaccumulation in caged gammarids under urban diffuse contamination gradient: Implications for biomonitoring investigations. Science of the Total Environment, 511, 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.078
Leroyer, A., Hemon, D., Nisse, C., Bazerques, J., Salomez, J. L., & Haguenoer, J. M. (2001). Environmental exposure to lead in a population of adults living in northern France: Lead burden levels and their determinants [Article]. Science of the Total Environment, 267(1–3), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00762-2
Ley-Quinonez, C., Zavala-Norzagaray, A. A., Espinosa-Carreon, T. L., Peckham, H., Marquez-Herrera, C., Campos-Villegas, L., & Aguirre, A. A. (2011). Baseline heavy metals and metalloid values in blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(9), 1979–1983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.022
Li, Q., Cheng, H. G., Zhou, T., Lin, C. Y., & Guo, S. (2012). The estimated atmospheric lead emissions in China, 1990–2009 [Article]. Atmospheric Environment, 60, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.025
Liang, F., Zhang, G. L., Tan, M. G., Yan, C. H., Li, X. L., Li, Y. L., Li, Y., Zhang, Y. M., & Shan, Z. C. (2010). Lead in children’s blood is mainly caused by coal-fired ash after phasing out of leaded gasoline in Shanghai [Article]. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(12), 4760–4765. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9039665
Lin, G. Z., Peng, R. F., Chen, Q., Wu, Z. G., & Du, L. (2009). Lead in housing paints: An exposure source still not taken seriously for children lead poisoning in China. Environmental Research, 109(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.09.003
Liu, J. X., Liao, G. Z., Tu, H. W., Huang, Y., Peng, T., Xu, Y. J., Chen, X. H., Huang, Z. B., Zhang, Y. Y., Meng, X. J., & Zou, F. (2019). A protective role of autophagy in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish [Article]. Chemosphere, 235, 1050–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.227
Liu, Z. P. (2003). Lead poisoning combined with cadmium in sheep and horses in the vicinity of non-ferrous metal smelters [Article]. Science of the Total Environment, 309(1–3), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00011-1
Liyin, Q., Huang, H., Xia, F., Liu, Y., Dahlgren, R. A., Zhang, M., & Mei, K. (2018). Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China. Environmental Pollution, 237, 639–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.020
Llabjani, V., Malik, R. N., Trevisan, J., Hoti, V., Ukpebor, J., Shinwari, Z. K., Moeckel, C., Jones, K. C., Shore, R. F., & Martin, F. L. (2012). Alterations in the infrared spectral signature of avian feathers reflect potential chemical exposure: A pilot study comparing two sites in Pakistan. Environment International, 48, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.06.019
Luszczek-Trojnar, E., & Nowacki, P. (2021). Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) scales as a bioindicator reflecting its exposure to heavy metals throughout life. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 37(2), 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.14154
Malara, P., Fischer, A., & Malara, B. (2016). Selected toxic and essential heavy metals in impacted teeth and the surrounding mandibular bones of people exposed to heavy metals in the environment. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 11, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-016-0146-1
Malmsten, A., Dalin, A. M., Pettersson, J., & Persson, S. (2021). Concentrations of cadmium, lead, arsenic, and some essential metals in wild boar from Sweden. European Journal of Wildlife Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-021-01460-y
Manay, N., Cousillas, A. Z., Alvarez, C., & Heller, T. (2008). Lead contamination in Uruguay: The “La Teja” Neighborhood case. In D. M. Whitacre (Ed.), Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology (Vol. 195, pp. 93–115). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77030-74
Manton, W. (2000). Acquisition and retention of lead by young children. Environmental Research, 82(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.4003
Matasin, Z., Orescanin, V., Jukic, V. V., Nejedli, S., Matasin, M., & Gajger, I. T. (2011). Heavy metals in mud, water and cultivated grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from Croatia. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10(8), 1069–1072.
McMichael, J. R., & Stoff, B. K. (2018). Surma eye cosmetic in Afghanistan: A potential source of lead toxicity in children [Article]. European Journal of Pediatrics, 177(2), 265–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-017-3056-z
Mehdi, Y., Mutlaq, A., Al-Balas, Q., Azzi, E., Bouadjela, L., Taibi, N., Dakiche, H., Touati, L., Boudriche, L., & Bachari, K. (2018). Physicochemical characterization and determination of chloramphenicol residues and heavy metals in Algerian honeys. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(33), 33322–33333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3241-2
Melnyk, LJo., Berry, M. R., Sheldon, L. S., Freeman, N. C. G., Pellizzari, E. D., & Kinman, R. N. (2000). Dietary exposure of children in lead -laden environments. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 10, 723–731. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500131
Miedico, O., Iammarino, M., Paglia, G., Tarallo, M., Mangiacotti, M., & Chiaravalle, A. E. (2016). Environmental monitoring of the area surrounding oil wells in Val d’Agri (Italy): element accumulation in bovine and ovine organs. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5317-0
Mielke, H. W., Covington, T. P., Mielke, P. W., Wolman, F. J., Powell, E. T., & Gonzales, C. R. (2011a). Soil intervention as a strategy for lead exposure prevention: The New Orleans lead-safe childcare playground project. Environmental Pollution, 159(8–9), 2071–2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.008
Mielke, H. W., Laidlaw, M. A. S., & Gonzales, C. R. (2011b). Estimation of leaded (Pb) gasoline’s continuing material and health impacts on 90 US urbanized areas [Review]. Environment International, 37(1), 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.08.006
Miller, A. L. (1998). Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a non-toxic, water-soluble treatment for heavy metal toxicity. Alternative Medicine Review A Journal of Clinical Therapeutic, 3(3), 199–207.
Monkiewicz, J., Geringer, H., & Bas, K. (1998). Pb concentration in dog blood as an indicator of environmental pollution. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 7(5), 285–288.
Morgan, R. V., Pearce, L. K., Moore, F. M., & Rossi, T. (1991). Demographic data and treatment of small companion animals with lead poisoning: 347 cases (1977–1986). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 199(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00958.x
Mulero, R., Cano-Manuel, J., Raez-Bravo, A., Perez, J. M., Espinosa, J., Soriguer, R., Fandos, P., Granados, J. E., & Romero, D. (2016). Lead and cadmium in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Sierra Nevada Natural Space (southern Spain). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(16), 16598–16608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6845-4
Mussali-Galante, P., Tovar-Sanchez, E., Valverde, M., Valencia-Cuevas, L., & Rojas, E. (2013). Evidence of population genetic effects in Peromyscus melanophrys chronically exposed to mine tailings in Morelos, Mexico. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 20(11), 7666–7679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1263-8
Naccari, C., Giangrosso, G., Macaluso, A., Billone, E., Cicero, A., D’Ascenzi, C., & Ferrantelli, V. (2013). Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) bioindicator of lead and copper pollution in Sicily (Italy). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 90, 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.011
Nadeau, D., Corneau, S., Plante, I., Morrow, G., & Tanguay, R. M. (2001a). Evaluation for Hsp70 as a biomarker of effect of pollutants on the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. Cell Stress & Chaperones, 6(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1379/1466-1268(2001)006%3c0153:efhaab%3e2.0.co;2
Naderi, M., Farashi, A., & Markov, G. (2017). Exploring contents of lead and cadmium in tissues of fat dormouse glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766) (Rodentia: Gliridae) for use in monitoring of environmental pollutants in the Southern Caspian Coast Forests. Iran. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 69(1), 61–64.
Namroodi, S., Zaccaroni, A., Rezaei, H., & Hosseini, S. M. (2017). European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis persica) as a biomarker of environmental pollution in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces, Iran. Veterinary Research Forum, 8(4), 333–339.
Noori, N., Noudoost, B., & Hatami Nia, M. (2016). The assessment of lead pollution in milk collected from all dairy farms in Lorestan province, Iran. Toxin Reviews, 35(3–4), 196–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2016.1225768
Nriagu, J., Oleru, N. T., Cudjoe, C., & Chine, A. (1997). Lead poisoning of children in Africa. III. Kaduna Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 197(1–3), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(96)05408-3
Obeng-Gyasi, E. (2019). Sources of lead exposure in various countries [Review]. Reviews on Environmental Health, 34(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2018-0037
O’Connor, D., Hou, D., Ye, J., Zhang, Y., Ok, Y. S., Song, Y., Coulon, F., Peng, T., & Tian, L. (2018). Lead-based paint remains a major public health concern: A critical review of global production, trade, use, exposure, health risk, and implications. Environment International, 121, 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.052
Oehme, F. W. (1972). Mechanisms of heavy metal toxicities. Clinical Toxicology, 5(2), 151–167.
Ohi, G., Seki, H., Minowa, K., Ohsawa, M., Mizoguchi, I., & Sugimori, F. (1981). Lead pollution in Tokyo—The pigeon reflects its amelioration. Environmental Research, 26(1), 125–129.
Ortiz-Santaliestra, M. E., Rodriguez, A., Pareja-Carrera, J., Mateo, R., & Martinez-Haro, M. (2019). Tools for non-invasive sampling of metal accumulation and its effects in Mediterranean pond turtle populations inhabiting mining areas. Chemosphere, 231, 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.082
Pareja-Carrera, J., Mateo, R., & Rodriguez-Estival, J. (2014). Lead (Pb) in sheep exposed to mining pollution: Implications for animal and human health. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 108, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.07.014
Park, S. H., Lee, M. H., & Kim, S. K. (2005a). Studies on Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr values in dog hairs from Urban Korea. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(8), 1135–1140. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1135
Park, S. H., Lee, M. H., & Kim, S. K. (2005b). Studies on the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr in dog serum in Korea. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(11), 1623–1627. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1623
Park, S. H., Lee, M. H., & Kim, S. K. (2005c). Studies on the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr in dog serum in Korea. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 18(11), 1623–1627. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1623
Parker, G. H. (2004). Tissue metal levels in Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica) collected near the Sudbury (Ontario) ore-smelters; prospects for biomonitoring marsh pollution. Environmental Pollution, 129(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.003
Parolini, M., Sturini, M., Maraschi, F., Profumo, A., Costanzo, A., Caprioli, M., Rubolini, D., Ambrosini, R., & Canova, L. (2021). Trace elements fingerprint of feathers differs between breeding and non-breeding areas in an Afro-Palearctic migratory bird, the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(13), 15828–15837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11597-z
Pascale, A., Sosa, A., Bares, C., Battocletti, A., Moll, M. J., Pose, D., Laborde, A., Gonzalez, H., & Feola, G. (2016). E-waste informal recycling: An emerging source of lead exposure in South America [Article]. Annals of Global Health, 82(1), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.016
Patra, R. C., Swarup, D., Kumar, P., Nandi, D., Naresh, R., & Ali, S. L. (2008). Milk trace elements in lactating cows environmentally exposed to higher level of lead and cadmium around different industrial units. Science of the Total Environment, 404(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.010
Pellizzari, E. D., Quackenboss, J., Sexton, K., Freeman, N., Jimenez, M., Reed, K. J., Gurunathan, S., Edwards, R. D., Roy, A., & Adgate, J. L. (2001). Quantitative analysis of children’s microactivity patterns: The Minnesota Children’s Pesticide Exposure Study. Journal of Exposure Analysis & Environmental Epidemiology, 11(6), 501. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500193
Pinheiro, M. A. A., Silva, P., Duarte, L. F. D., Almeida, A. A., & Zanotto, F. P. (2012). Accumulation of six metals in the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea: Ucididae) and its food source, the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle (Angiosperma: Rhizophoraceae). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 81, 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.004
Powolny, T., Scheifler, R., Raoul, F., & Fritsch, C. (2019). Is blood a reliable indicator of trace metal concentrations in organs of small mammals? Chemosphere, 217, 320–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.215
Radcliffe, D. (1990). Millie Gets The Lead Out; First Dog Up to Snuff. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1990/08/04/millie-gets-the-lead-out/98307e73-6f7d-4e34-ad1c-9c1d0461d8d8/
Robinson, W. A., Maher, W. A., Krikowa, F., Nell, J. A., & Hand, R. (2005). The use of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata as a biomonitor of trace metal contamination: Intra-sample, local scale and temporal variability and its implications for biomonitoring. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7(3), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1039/b415295f
Rodriguez-Estival, J., North, M. A., & Smits, J. E. G. (2015). Sublethal health effects in laboratory rodents from environmentally relevant exposures to oil sands contaminants. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 34(12), 2884–2897. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3145
Romero, M. B., Polizzi, P., Chiodi, L., Robles, A., Das, K., & Gerpe, M. (2017). Metals as chemical tracers to discriminate ecological populations of threatened Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) from Argentina. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(4), 3940–3950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7970-9
Rosner, D., & Markowitz, G. (2016). Building the world that kills us the politics of lead, science, and polluted homes, 1970 to 2000. Journal of Urban History, 42(2), 323–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096144215623954
Safruk, A. M., McGregor, E., Aslund, M. L. W., Cheung, P. H., Pinsent, C., Jackson, B. J., Hair, A. T., Lee, M., & Sigal, E. A. (2017). The influence of lead content in drinking water, household dust, soil, and paint on blood lead levels of children in Flin Flon, Manitoba and Creighton, Saskatchewan [Article]. Science of the Total Environment, 593, 202–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.141
Sakai, H., Saeki, K., Ichihashi, H., Suganuma, H., Tanabe, S., & Tatsukawa, R. (2000). Species-specific distribution of heavy metals in tissues and organs of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas) from Japanese coastal waters. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(8), 701–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(00)00008-4
Salanki, J., Farkas, A., Kamardina, T., & Rozsa, K. S. (2003). Molluscs in biological monitoring of water quality. Toxicology Letters, 140, 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00036-5
Scherer, W. F., Dickerman, R. W., Chia, C. W., Ventura, A., Moorhouse, A., Geiger, R., & Najera, A. D. (1964). Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in Veracruz, Mexico, and the use of hamsters as sentinels. Science, 145(3629), 274–275. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.145.3629.274
Schutz, A., Olsson, M., Jensen, A., Gerhardsson, L., Borjesson, J., Mattsson, S., & Skerfving, S. (2005). Lead in finger bone, whole blood, plasma and urine in lead-smelter workers: Extended exposure range [Article]. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 78(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-004-0559-5
Shailaja, M., Reddy, Y. S., Kalakumar, B., Brinda, S. A., Manohar, G., & Kumar, B. D. (2014). Lead and trace element levels in milk and blood of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Hyderabad, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 92(6), 698–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1258-x
Shen, Z. T., Hou, D. Y., Zhang, P., Wang, Y. N., Zhang, Y. H., Shi, P. L., & O’Connor, D. (2018). Lead-based paint in children’s toys sold on China’s major online shopping platforms [Article]. Environmental Pollution, 241, 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.078
Simon, D. (2013). 2013 Port Pirie Soil Lead Concentrations Report. https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fe9ace8040cc6bd396eeb66c5432000f/2013+Port+Pirie+Soil+Lead+Concentrations+Report+%28web%29.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-fe9ace8040cc6bd396eeb66c5432000f-n5jrVLp
Solgi, E., Mirzaei-Rajeouni, E., & Zamani, A. (2020). Feathers of three waterfowl bird species from Northern Iran for heavy metals biomonitoring. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 104(6), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02852-7
Sparaventi, E., Rodriguez-Romero, A., Barbosa, A., Ramajo, L., & Tovar-Sanchez, A. (2021). Trace elements in Antarctic penguins and the potential role of guano as source of recycled metals in the Southern Ocean. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131423
Swarup, D., Patra, R. C., Dwivedi, S. K., & Dey, S. (2000). Blood lead and cadmium in dogs from urban India. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 42(4), 232–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(99)00211-1
Swarup, D., Patra, R. C., Naresh, R., Kumar, P., & Shekhar, P. (2005). Blood lead levels in lactating cows reared around polluted localities; transfer of lead into milk. Science of the Total Environment, 349(1–3), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.079
Takagi, M., Tanaka, A., Seyama, H., Uematsu, A., Kaji, M., & Yoshinaga, J. (2020). Source identification analysis of lead in the blood of Japanese children by stable isotope analysis [Article]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217784
Takla, P. G., Mohamed, H. A., Wright, J., & Fahmy, F. (1989). Lead levels in whole blood of sheep from different areas of the Nile delta. The Veterinary Record, 124(12), 300–302. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.124.12.300
Taylor, M. P., Camenzuli, D., Kristensen, L. J., Forbes, M., & Zahran, S. (2013). Environmental lead exposure risks associated with children’s outdoor playgrounds. Environmental Pollution, 178, 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.054
Thornton, I., Davies, D., & Quinn, J. M. W. J. (1990). Lead exposure in young children from dust and soil in the United Kingdom. Environmental Health Perspectives, 89, 55–60.
Tomza-Marciniak, A., Pilarczyk, B., Bakowska, M., Ligocki, M., & Gaik, M. (2012). Lead, cadmium and other metals in serum of pet dogs from an urban area of NW Poland. Biological Trace Element Research, 149(3), 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-012-9433-6
Tovar-Sanchez, E., Cervantes, L. T., Martinez, C., Rojas, E., Valverde, M., Ortiz-Hernandez, M. L., & Mussali-Galante, P. (2012). Comparison of two wild rodent species as sentinels of environmental contamination by mine tailings. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 19(5), 1677–1686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0680-4
Toyomaki, H., Yabe, J., Nakayama, S., Yohannes, Y. B., & Ishizuka, M. (2020a). Factors associated with lead (Pb) exposure on dogs around a Pb mining area, Kabwe, Zambia. Chemosphere, 247, 125884.
Toyomaki, H., Yabe, J., Nakayama, S. M. M., Yohannes, Y. B., Muzandu, K., Liazambi, A., Ikenaka, Y., Kuritani, T., Nakagawa, M., & Ishizuka, M. (2020). Factors associated with lead (Pb) exposure on dogs around a Pb mining area. Kabwe, Zambia. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020b.125884
Tripodi, M. A., Muschetto, E., Cueto, G., Hancke, D., & Suarez, O. (2020). Are soft tissues of urban rats good indicators of exposure to heavy metal pollution? A study conducted in one of the most polluted basins of Buenos Aires Argentina. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08300-7
Udroiu, I., Cristaldi, M., Ieradi, L. A., Tanzarella, C., & Moreno, S. (2008). Biomonitoring of Doana National Park using the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus) as a sentinel species. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17(9b), 1519–1525.
Ugbaja, R. N., Enilolobo, M. A., James, A. S., Akinhanmi, T. F., Akamo, A. J., Babayemi, D. O., & Ademuyiwa, O. (2020). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status of snails (Achatina achatina)around cement factory vicinities. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 36(11), 863–875. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233720954995
Usende, I. L., Emikpe, B. O., & Olopade, J. O. (2017). Heavy metal pollutants in selected organs of African giant rats from three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria: Evidence for their role as an environmental specimen bank. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(28), 22570–22578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9904-6
Vazquez-Boucard, C., Anguiano-Vega, G., Mercier, L., & del Castillo, E. R. (2014). Pesticide residues, heavy metals, and DNA damage in sentinel oysters Crassostrea gigas From Sinaloa and Sonora, Mexico. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part a-Current Issues, 77(4), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2013.853223
Vrankovic, J., Jankovic-Tomanic, M., & Vukov, T. (2020). Comparative assessment of biomarker response to tissue metal concentrations in urban populations of the land snail Helix pomatia (Pulmonata: Helicidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110448
Wallis, R. S., Pai, M., Menzies, D., Doherty, T. M., & Zumla, A. (2010). Biomarkers and diagnostics for tuberculosis: Progress, needs, and translation into practice. The Lancet, 375(9729), 1920–1937. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60359-5
Walter, K. M., Bischoff, K., & Matos, R. D. (2017). Severe lead toxicosis in a lionhead rabbit. Journal of Medical Toxicology Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 13(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-016-0597-x
Ward, N. I., & Savage, J. M. (1994). Elemental status of grazing animals located adjacent to the London Orbital (M25) motorway. Science of the Total Environment, 146–147, 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90236-4
Watson, A. (1983). Plumbism in pets and people. Medical Journal of Australia, 2(6), 254.
Williams, R. J., Holladay, S. D., Williams, S. M., & Gogal, R. M. (2017). Environmental lead and wild birds: A review. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, 245, 157–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2017_9
Xu, L. (2005). Prevention and treatment manual of lead poisoning in children. People’s Military Medical Press.
Yao, L., Hui, L., Yang, Z., Chen, X., & Xiao, A. (2019). Freshwater microplastics pollution: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends based on Citespace II. Chemosphere, 245, 125627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125627
Yin, X. B., Xia, L. J., Sun, L. G., Luo, H. H., & Wang, Y. H. (2008). Animal excrement: A potential biomonitor of heavy metal contamination in the marine environment. Science of the Total Environment, 399(1–3), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.005
Zaccaroni, A., Corteggio, A., Altamura, G., Silvi, M., Di Vaia, R., Formigaro, C., & Borzacchiello, G. (2014). Elements levels in dogs from “triangle of death” and different areas of Campania region (Italy). Chemosphere, 108, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.041
Zaric, N. M., Deljanin, I., Ilijevic, K., Stanisavljevic, L., Ristic, M., & Grzetic, I. (2018). Honeybees as sentinels of lead pollution: Spatio-temporal variations and source appointment using stable isotopes and Kohonen self-organizing maps. Science of the Total Environment, 642, 56–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.040
Zhang, Q. H., Wei, Y. Z., Cao, J. H., & Shi, Y. U. (2018). Heavy metal pollution of the drinking water sources in the Liujiang river basin, and related health risk assessments. Environmental Science, 39(4), 1598–1607. https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201708210
Zhang, H. X., Mao, Z. X., Huang, K., Wang, X., Cheng, L., Zeng, L. S., Zhou, Y. K., & Jing, T. (2019). Multiple exposure pathways and health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s for children living in fourth-tier cities in Hubei Province [Article]. Environment International, 129, 517–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.031
Zou, J. F., & Yang, C. Y. (2010). Review of research progress on biomarker of lead exposure in adult. Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine, 23(1), 35–38.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41803016); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Grant/Award Number: FRF-TP-17-064A1, FRF-MP-20-09; and Key Research and Development project of Gansu Province (20YF8WA026).
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 41803016; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Grant/Award Number: FRF-TP-17-064A1,FRF-MP-20–09;and Key Research and Development project of Gansu Province (20YF8WA026).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled: Sentinel animals for monitoring the environmental lead exposure: Combination of traditional review and visualization analysis.
Consent for participation
All authors declare that they consent to participate and consent to publish before reference in the manuscript.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, X., Cao, S., Wen, D. et al. Sentinel animals for monitoring the environmental lead exposure: combination of traditional review and visualization analysis. Environ Geochem Health 45, 561–584 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01241-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-022-01241-9