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Evidence of population genetic effects in Peromyscus melanophrys chronically exposed to mine tailings in Morelos, Mexico

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Abstract

Effects of environmental chemical pollution can be observed at all levels of biological organization. At the population level, genetic structure and diversity may be affected by exposure to metal contamination. This study was conducted in Huautla, Morelos, Mexico in a mining district where the main contaminants are lead and arsenic. Peromyscus melanophrys is a small mammal species that inhabits Huautla mine tailings and has been considered as a sentinel species. Metal bioaccumulation levels were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and genetic analyses were performed using eight microsatellite loci in 100 P. melanophrys individuals from 3 mine tailings and 2 control sites. The effect of metal bioaccumulation levels on genetic parameters (population and individual genetic diversity, genetic structure) was analyzed. We found a tissue concentration gradient for each metal and for the bioaccumulation index. The highest values of genetic differentiation (Fst and Rst) and the lowest number of migrants per generation (Nm) were registered among the exposed populations. Genetic distance analyses showed that the most polluted population was the most genetically distant among the five populations examined. Moreover, a negative and significant relationship was detected between genetic diversity (expected heterozygosity and internal relatedness) and each metal concentration and for the bioaccumulation index in P. melanophrys. This study highlights that metal stress is a major factor affecting the distribution and genetic diversity levels of P. melanophrys populations living inside mine tailings. We suggest the use of genetic population changes at micro-geographical scales as a population level biomarker.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a scolarship to P.M.G. (102684) by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT).This paper constitutes a partial fulfillment of the Graduate Program in Biological Sciences of the National Autonomous University of México (UNAM). The authors thank the “Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). We also thank Edith Rivas, Guillermo Sánchez, Evodio Rendon Alquicira, Guadalupe Rangel Altamirano and Laura Márquez for their technical assistance.

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  1. Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., C.P. 04510, Mexico

    Patricia Mussali-Galante, Mahara Valverde & E. Rojas

  2. Departamento de Sistemática y Evolución, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico

    Efraín Tovar-Sánchez & Leticia Valencia-Cuevas

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  1. Patricia Mussali-Galante
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Mussali-Galante, P., Tovar-Sánchez, E., Valverde, M. et al. Evidence of population genetic effects in Peromyscus melanophrys chronically exposed to mine tailings in Morelos, Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 7666–7679 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1263-8

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