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A conceptual framework for the identification and characterization of lacustrine spawning habitats for native lake charr Salvelinus namaycush

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Abstract

Lake charr Salvelinus namaycush are endemic to the formerly glaciated regions of North America and spawn primarily in lakes, unlike most other Salmoninae. Spawning habitats for lake charr are thought to be characterized by relatively large substrate particle sizes which provide sufficient interstitial spaces for egg incubation, but little is known about the physical processes that create or maintain suitable habitats. We review the literature on lake charr spawning habitat and present a conceptual framework that examines the roles of physical variables in creating the appropriate conditions for egg incubation. A critical underlying assumption of this framework is that lake charr will select spawning habitats that provide suitable hypolentic flows for egg incubation. We suggest that the characterization of lakebed surface roughness, current patterns, substrate particle size, and groundwater flows at multiple spatial scales may yield significant insight into the physical mechanisms supporting lacustrine spawning habitats for lake charr and will be useful in creating predictive models of these habitats. This framework may also apply to other lake-spawning lithophilic fish species.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Taaja Tucker for preparing Fig. 3. David Beauchamp, Donald Rosenberry, Erik Smith, Craig Stow, and three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U. S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, 1451 Green Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA

    Stephen C. Riley, Steven A. Farha & Peter C. Esselman

  2. Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Dr., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA

    J. Ellen Marsden

  3. Harkness Laboratory of Fisheries Research, Aquatic Research and Development Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 300 Water St., Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 8M5, Canada

    Mark S. Ridgway & Trevor A. Middel

  4. U. S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA

    Christopher P. Konrad

  5. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, 115 Manly Miles Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Steven A. Farha & Charles C. Krueger

  6. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA

    Thomas R. Binder

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Correspondence to Stephen C. Riley.

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Riley, S.C., Marsden, J.E., Ridgway, M.S. et al. A conceptual framework for the identification and characterization of lacustrine spawning habitats for native lake charr Salvelinus namaycush. Environ Biol Fish 102, 1533–1557 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-019-00928-w

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