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Conservation genetic analysis of a Central-European range-margin population of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina v. variegata)

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of populations of the yellow-bellied toad in Lower Saxony, Germany. These populations provide a good example of a fragmented distribution of amphibian pioneer species on the outer rim of their occurrence. In total, 150 individuals from 11 sites were genotyped using ten highly polymorphic microsatellites. The genetic diversity, as measured by allelic richness and heterozygosity, was lower than that of other European amphibian populations; the individuals could be assigned to five genetic clusters. The average genetic differentiation between populations was very high (mean FST = 0.27) and no migration was detected between the two major populations, which were about 50 km apart. Nonetheless, natural migration as well as translocations between some subpopulations could be detected. In one population, which was introduced in the 1970s, we were able to verify the potential source population of the introduced toads. The results are discussed in light of conservation management strategies applied to this highly endangered species.

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Fig. 1

Adapted from NLWKN/nature conservation/R. Podloucky, P. G. Schader (2007)

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Acknowledgements

For their help and assistance during the preparation of the manuscript as well as valuable suggestions we would like to thank R. Podloucky and the Lower Saxony Water Management, Coastal Defence and Nature Conservation Agency (NLWKN), the German Environmental Conservation Agency (NABU) and K. Knorr as well as H. Buschmann, H. Pröhl, S. Hauswaldt, S. Weiss, three anonymous reviewers and our editor S.C. Lougheed.

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  1. Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Frank Weihmann

  2. Austrian League for Nature Conservation Styria, Herdergasse 3, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Frank Weihmann

  3. Human Motion Engineering, Römerstrasse 71, 53332, Bornheim, Germany

    Silvia Weihmann

  4. Department of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Tom Weihmann

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 6 and 7.

Table 6 Allelic richness per locus and population
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Table 7 Genetic diversity per locus and population
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Weihmann, F., Weihmann, S. & Weihmann, T. Conservation genetic analysis of a Central-European range-margin population of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina v. variegata). Conserv Genet 20, 557–569 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-019-01156-6

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