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High genetic diversity and differentiation of an extremely narrowly distributed and critically endangered decaploid rose (Rosa praelucens): implications for its conservation

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Abstract

Rosa praelucens is a critically endangered decaploid alpine rose with an extremely narrow geographic distribution in Northwestern Yunnan, China. We sampled almost all the extant individuals (527 individuals in 31 natural locations and 56 individuals preserved in three local living collections) to assess the genetic variation and to probe the genetic connectivity among the individuals and populations based on three cpDNA intergenic spacers and six fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The morphological traits from seven populations were also measured. R. praelucens exhibited high levels of morphological variation, genetic diversity, and differentiation. The extant individuals were clustered into eight groups in neighbor-net networks, and subsequent Bayesian analysis assigned them into three larger gene pools, both in accordance with their morphological traits, especially flower color. The living collections embraced two private cpDNA haplotypes and included three out of the species’ total eight AFLP genotypes. Rhizome clonal growth, decaploid, and mixed breeding system may largely contribute to high genetic diversity and differentiation in R. praelucens. We concluded that the endangered status of R. praelucens may mainly be due to habitat fragmentation and loss and inherent reproductive difficulties, rather than low genetic diversity. The populations contributing higher cpDNA genetic diversity, representing more AFLP genotypes, and encompassing private cpDNA haplotypes should be given conservation priority by creating plant-micro reserves. The living collections should also be targeted for further ex situ conservation, population recovery, and reintroduction of R. praelucens plants.

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Acknowledgements

Yuquan Zhou, Qun Su, Hao Zhang and Cankun Xiong helped to collect samples. This work was financially supported by the Grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260198, 31560301) and the Academic and Technical Talent Training Project of Yunnan Province, China (2013HB092).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China

    Hongying Jian, Shufa Li, Shubin Li, Qigang Wang, Huijun Yan, Xianqin Qiu & Kaixue Tang

  2. Life Science Department, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Jianling Guo & Yonghong Zhang

  3. Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China

    Zhiquan Cai

  4. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China

    Sergei Volis

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  1. Hongying Jian
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10592_2018_1052_MOESM3_ESM.eps

Values of differentiation among groups of population (Fct) obtained from SAMOVA as a function of the user-defined number of groups (k) (EPS 611 KB)

10592_2018_1052_MOESM4_ESM.eps

Distribution of the number of pairwise nucleotide differences for cpDNA haplotypes in R. praelucens. Dashed line indicates observed values (Obs). Solid line represents expected values (Exp) under a model of sudden population expansion (EPS 406 KB)

Supplementary material 5 (DOCX 17 KB)

10592_2018_1052_MOESM6_ESM.eps

Genetic structure of R. praelucens based on the Bayesian analysis. (A) Log probability of data L(k) as function of k for 10 runs from k=2 to 20. (B) Rate of change in the probability between the successive runs, Δk, as a function of k, in the Bayesian analysis, indicating K=3. (C) Assignment of 583 individuals from 34 populations into 3 (k=3) genetically distinguished groups. Each individual is represented by a vertical bar partitioned into 3 colored segments that denotes the individuals’ estimated membership fraction in 3 clusters (EPS 2201 KB)

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Supplementary material 8 (XLSX 97 KB)

Supplementary material 9 (XLSX 98 KB)

Supplementary material 10 (XLSX 124 KB)

Supplementary material 11 (XLSX 93 KB)

Supplementary material 12 (XLSX 93 KB)

Data sheet: AFLP original data and morphological data (XLS 59 KB)

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Jian, H., Li, S., Guo, J. et al. High genetic diversity and differentiation of an extremely narrowly distributed and critically endangered decaploid rose (Rosa praelucens): implications for its conservation. Conserv Genet 19, 761–776 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1052-0

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