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Highly Efficient and Recyclable Au/Aniline-Pentamer-Based Electroactive Polyurea Catalyst for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

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Abstract

Heterogeneous catalysts based on metallic nanoparticles are promising candidates for wastewater treatment. However, they aggregate easily as a result of their high surface energy. Polymers are very popular supporting catalyst materials because they can stabilize the metallic nanoparticles to prevent aggregation. In this study, aniline-pentamer-based electroactive polyurea (EPU) was synthesized by oxidative coupling, and Au nanoparticles were anchored to the EPU via its aniline segments. Electrochemical redox behavior of the as-synthesized EPU was monitored by electrochemical cyclic voltammetry. The Au/EPU composite was characterized by FTIR, UV–vis, TGA, SEM, TEM, XRD XPS, and ICP-OES. SEM showed that the EPU had a flower-like structure, and the Au nanoparticles were uniformly immobilized on the EPU surface. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by NaBH4 was used as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic properties of the Au/EPU composite. Moreover, the optimization of the reaction conditions for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) were also studied in detail. The Au/EPU composite catalyzed the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP within 4 min with a rate constant of 2.4 × 10–2 s−1 and an activation energy of 40.17 kJ/mol. The Au/EPU composite demonstrated high conversion (98%) after 20 successive cycles.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Grant Number MOST 109-2637-E-241-004, MOST 110-2637-E-241-003, for their financial support. Special thanks are given to the National Chung Hsing University (MOST 108-2731-M-005-001-) for the LC-Mass, SEM, TEM, XPS support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 43301, Taichung, Taiwan

    Guan-Hui Lai, Bi-Sheng Huang & Yi-Chen Chou

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Ta-I Yang

  3. Technical Department Plastics Division, Formosa Plastics Corporation, 814538, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

    Tsao-Cheng Huang

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  1. Guan-Hui Lai
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Correspondence to Yi-Chen Chou or Tsao-Cheng Huang.

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Lai, GH., Huang, BS., Yang, TI. et al. Highly Efficient and Recyclable Au/Aniline-Pentamer-Based Electroactive Polyurea Catalyst for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol. Catal Lett 152, 3100–3109 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03876-2

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