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The Role of Copper Exchanged Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation

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Abstract

Cu exchanged heteropolyacid catalysts were synthesized by ion exchange method and characterized using various physico-chemical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR, Raman, BET surface area, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia, 31P NMR, pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectroscopy, ICP-AES and STEM analysis. XRD diffractograms shows crystallites of heteropolyacid, while FT-IR and Raman spectra indicate that the Keggin ion is retained in the catalysts. 31P NMR, ammonia TPD and pyridine adsorbed FT-IR spectra results suggest that acidity decreases once Cu was incorporated in the heteropolyacid catalyst. For the Knoevenagel condensation reaction, the Cu exchanged phosphomolybdic acid (Cu–PMA) exhibits better catalytic performance than the phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) catalyst and this is related closely with the structural and acidic properties of the catalyst.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank to the University of KwaZulu-Natal for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Balaga Viswanadham, Jhansi Pedada, Holger B. Friedrich & Sooboo Singh

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  1. Balaga Viswanadham
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  2. Jhansi Pedada
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  3. Holger B. Friedrich
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  4. Sooboo Singh
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Correspondence to Balaga Viswanadham.

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Viswanadham, B., Pedada, J., Friedrich, H.B. et al. The Role of Copper Exchanged Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalyst for Knoevenagel Condensation. Catal Lett 146, 1470–1477 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1777-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-016-1777-7

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