Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an available source of mesenchymal stem cells with the appropriate capacity to in vitro survive, propagate, and differentiate into cells from three lineages of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The biological features of ADSCs depend on the donor physiology and health status, isolation procedure, culture conditions, and differentiation protocols used. Adipose tissue samples are provided by surgery and lipoaspiration-based methods and subjected to various mechanical and chemical digestion techniques to finally generate a heterogeneous mixture named stromal vascular fraction (SVF). ADSCs are purified through varied cell populations that exist within SVF and cultured under standard conditions to give rise to a highly rich resource of stem cells directly applied in the clinic or differentiated into a wide range of cells. The development and optimization of conventional isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods seem noteworthy to preserve the desirable biological functions of ADSCs in pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Change history
13 May 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-021-09928-6
Abbreviations
- ADSCs:
-
Adipose-derived stem cells
- aFGF:
-
Acidic FGF
- ALP:
-
Alkaline phosphatase
- AT:
-
Adipose tissue
- bFGF:
-
Basic fibroblast growth factor
- BDNF:
-
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein
- CaSR:
-
Calcium-sensing receptor
- CTGF:
-
Connective tissue growth factor
- Dex:
-
Dexamethasone
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DMEM/F-12:
-
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s F12
- DSG3:
-
Desmoglein 3
- ECs:
-
Endothelial cells
- EGF:
-
Epidermal growth factor
- EGM-2:
-
Endothelial cell growth medium-2
- FBS:
-
Fetal bovine serum
- FCS:
-
Fetal calf serum
- FGF:
-
Fibroblast growth factor
- GalC:
-
Galactosylceramidase
- GCM2:
-
Glial cells missing homolog 2
- GFAP:
-
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GLP-1:
-
Glucagon-like peptide1
- GMP:
-
Good manufacturing practice
- HEM:
-
Human epidermal melanocyte
- HGF:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- IBMX:
-
1-Methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine
- IL-3:
-
Interleukin 3
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin 6
- ITS:
-
Insulin, transferrin, selenious acid
- KGF:
-
Keratinocyte growth factor
- LAL:
-
Laser-assisted liposuction
- MAP2:
-
Microtubule-assisted protein 2
- MEM:
-
Minimal essential medium
- MHC:
-
Heavy chain myosin
- MLANA:
-
Protein melan-A
- MSH:
-
Melatonin stimulating hormone
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- NeuN:
-
Neuronal nuclei
- NRP1:
-
Neuropilin 1
- PAL:
-
Power-assisted liposuction
- PDGF:
-
Platelet-derived growth factor
- PMEL17:
-
Premelanosome protein 17
- PPARγ:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma
- PRP:
-
Platelet-rich plasma
- PTH:
-
Parathyroid hormone
- RUNX2:
-
Runt-related transcription factor 2
- SHH:
-
Sonic hedgehog
- SMA:
-
Smooth muscle actin
- SPC:
-
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine
- SR:
-
Surgical resection
- STAT3:
-
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- SVF:
-
Stromal vascular fraction
- TGFβ:
-
Transforming growth factor β
- TRP1/2:
-
Tryptophan biosynthesis protein 1/2
- TxA2:
-
Thromboxane A2
- TYR:
-
Tyrosinase
- VEGF:
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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The authors would like to show their gratitude to the Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences for supporting the ideas of the present manuscript.
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Khazaei, S., Keshavarz, G., Bozorgi, A. et al. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: a comparative review on isolation, culture, and differentiation methods. Cell Tissue Bank 23, 1–16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-021-09905-z