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Roles of Obese-Insulin Resistance and Anti-Diabetic Drugs on the Heart with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

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Abstract

The incidence of obesity with insulin resistance is increasing worldwide. This condition is also known as a risk factor of coronary artery disease and associated with increased arrhythmias, impaired left ventricular function, and increased infarct size during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The proposed mechanisms are due to impaired glucose utilization and pro-survival signaling molecules, and increased inflammatory cytokines, which have been demonstrated in the I/R hearts in various models of obese-insulin resistance. However, the cardiac effects of diets in the I/R heart are still unsettled since several studies reported that high-caloric diet consumption might protect the heart from I/R injury. Although several therapeutic strategies such as anti-diabetic drugs, natural compounds as well as treadmill exercise have been proposed to exert cardioprotection in the I/R heart in obese-insulin resistant animals, some interventions including ischemic post-conditioning failed to protect the heart from I/R injury. In this comprehensive review, reports from both genetic deletion and dietary-induced obese-insulin resistant animal models regarding the effects of obese-insulin resistance on metabolic parameters, cardiac function, infarct size, and molecular mechanisms under I/R injury are summarized. Moreover, the effects of anti-diabetic drugs and other pharmacological interventions on these parameters in an obese-insulin resistant model under I/R injury are also comprehensively summarized and discussed.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program (NC and NA), the Thailand Research Fund RTA5580006 (NC), BRG5780016 (SC), and the Chiang Mai University Excellent Center Award (NC).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Nattayaporn Apaijai, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Nipon Chattipakorn

  2. Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Nattayaporn Apaijai & Nipon Chattipakorn

  3. Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand

    Siriporn C. Chattipakorn

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  1. Nattayaporn Apaijai
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Apaijai, N., Chattipakorn, S.C. & Chattipakorn, N. Roles of Obese-Insulin Resistance and Anti-Diabetic Drugs on the Heart with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 28, 549–562 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-014-6553-6

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