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Regulatory T cells and potential inmmunotherapeutic targets in lung cancer

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Abstract

Lung cancer and metastasis are two of the most lethal diseases globally and seldom have effective therapies. Immunotherapy is considered as one of the powerful alternatives. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress the activation of the immune system, maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens, and contribute to immunosuppression of antitumor immunity, which is critical for tumor immune evasion in epithelial malignancies, including lung cancer. The present review gives an overview of the biological functions and regulations of Tregs associated with the development of lung cancer and metastasis and explores the potentials of Treg-oriented therapeutic targets. Subsets and features of Tregs mainly include naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) (CD4+ nTregs and CD8+ nTregs) and adaptive/induced Tregs (CD4+ iTregs and CD8+ iTregs). Tregs, especially in circulation or regional lymph nodes, play an important role in the progress and metastasis of lung cancer and are considered as therapeutic targets and biomarkers to predict the survival length and recurrence of lung cancer. Increasing understanding of Tregs’ functional mechanisms will lead to a number of clinical trials on the discovery and development of Treg-oriented new therapies. Tregs play important roles in lung cancer and metastasis, and the understanding of Tregs becomes more critical for clinical applications and therapies. Thus, Tregs and associated factors can be potential therapeutic targets for lung cancer immunotherapy.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by Zhongshan Distinguished Professor Grant (XDW), The National Nature Science Foundation of China (91230204, 81270099, 81320108001, 81270131, 81300010), The Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (12JC1402200, 12431900207, 11410708600, 14431905100), Operation Funding of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, and Ministry of Education, Academic Special Science and Research Foundation for PhD Education (20130071110043).

Authors’ contributions

DZ contributed to the collection of data, discussion, writing, and review of figures, and ZHC, DCW, and XDW contributed to the revision, structure design, manuscript preparation, and discussion.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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    1. Minhang Hospital, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China

      Ding Zhang, Zhihong Chen, Diane C. Wang & Xiangdong Wang

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    Correspondence to Xiangdong Wang.

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    Ding Zhang and Zhihong Chen contributed equally to this work.

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    Zhang, D., Chen, Z., Wang, D.C. et al. Regulatory T cells and potential inmmunotherapeutic targets in lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 34, 277–290 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-015-9566-0

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