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Nitrogen deprivation induces cross-tolerance of Poa annua callus to salt stress

  • Original papers
  • Published:
Biologia Plantarum

Abstract

Alternative respiration pathway (AP) is an important pathway which can be induced by environment stresses in plants. In the present study, we show a new mechanism involving the AP in nitrogen deprivation-induced tolerance of Poa annua callus to salt stress. The AP capacity markedly increased under a 600 mM NaCl treatment or nitrogen deprivation pretreatment and reached a maximum under the nitrogen deprivation pretreatment combined with the NaCl treatment (–N+NaCl). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content and Na+/K+ ratio significantly increased under the 600 mM NaCl treatment but less under the–N+NaCl treatment. Moreover, both the nitrogen deprivation and the NaCl stress stimulated the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity and increased pyruvate content. The maximal stimulating effect was found under the–N+NaCl treatment. When the AP capacity was reduced by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an inhibitor of AP), content of MDA and H2O2 and Na+/K+ ratio dramatically increased, whereas PM H+-ATPase activity decreased. Moreover, exogenous application of pyruvate produced a similar effect as the nitrogen deprivation pretreatment. The effects of SHAM on the Poa annua callus were counteracted by catalase (a H2O2 scavenger) and diphenylene iodonium (a plasma membrane NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Taken together, our results suggest that the nitrogen deprivation enhanced the capacity of AP by increasing pyruvate content, which in turn prevented the Poa annua callus from salt-induced oxidative damages and Na+ over-uptake.

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Abbreviations

AOX:

alternative oxidase

AP:

alternative respiration pathway

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

catalase

CP:

cytochrome respiration pathway

c-PTIO:

2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt

DPI:

diphenylene iodonium

EL:

electrolyte leakage

PM:

plasma membrane

POD:

peroxidase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SHAM:

salicylhydroxamic acid

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

MDA:

malondialdehyde

Valt :

capacity of alternative respiration pathway

Vcyt :

capacity of cytochrome respiration pathway

Vres :

capacity of residue respiration pathway

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  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P.R. China

    C. Z. Zhao, X. M. Wang, P. Li, X. Y. Wang, F. Wang, J. F. Wang, N. Chang & Y. R. Bi

  2. North China Electric Power University, State Grid Corporation, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, P.R. China

    P. Li

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  1. C. Z. Zhao
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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program; 2012CB026105), the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2007AA021401), the Foundation of Science and Technology Program of Lanzhou City (2015-3-53), the Foundation of Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province (1506RJZA209), the Scientific research project of Qinghai-Tibetan DC Interconnection Project in State Grid Corporation of China, and the Foundation of Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province (1208RJZA224). The first two authors contributed equally to this work.

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Zhao, C.Z., Li, P., Wang, X.M. et al. Nitrogen deprivation induces cross-tolerance of Poa annua callus to salt stress. Biol Plant 60, 543–554 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-016-0626-2

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