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Involvement of hydrogen peroxide, calcium, and ethylene in the induction of the alternative pathway in chilling-stressed Arabidopsis callus

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Abstract

The roles of ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and calcium in inducing the capacity of the alternative respiratory pathway (AP) under chilling temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana calli were investigated. Exposure of wild-type (WT) calli, but not the calli of ethylene-insensitive mutants, etr1-3 and ein2-1, to chilling led to a marked increase of the AP capacity and triggered a rapid ethylene emission and H2O2 generation. Increasing ethylene emission by applying 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (an ethylene precursor) markedly enhanced the AP capacity in WT calli, but not in etr1-3 and ein2-1 calli, whereas suppressing ethylene emission by applying aminooxyacetic acid (an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) abolished the chilling-induced AP capacity in WT calli. Furthermore, exogenous H2O2 treatment increased the AP capacity in WT calli, but not in etr1-3 and ein2-1 calli, while both catalase (H2O2 scavenger) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) completely inhibited the chilling-induced H2O2 generation and largely inhibited the chilling-induced AP capacity. Interestingly, the chilling-induced AP capacity was completely inhibited by DPI and EGTA (calcium chelator). Further investigation demonstrated that H2O2 and calcium induced ethylene emission under chilling stress. Ethylene modulated the chilling-induced increase of pyruvate content and the expression of alternative oxidase genes (AOX1a and AOX1c). Taken together, these results indicate that H2O2-, calcium- and ethylene-dependent pathways are required for chilling-induced increase in AP capacity. However, only ethylene is indispensable for the activation of the AP capacity.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

ACO:

ACC oxidase

ACS:

ACC synthase

AOA:

Aminooxyacetic acid

AOX:

Alternative oxidase

AP:

Alternative respiratory pathway

CAT:

Catalase

CP:

Cytochrome respiratory pathway

DPI:

Diphenylene iodonium

ETC:

Electron transport chain

FW:

Fresh weight

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SHAM:

Salicylhydroxamic acid

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

Valt :

Capacity of AP

Vcyt :

Capacity of CP

WT:

Wild type

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Major Project of Cultivating New Varieties of Transgenic Organisms (2009ZX08009-029B), the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2007AA021401), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (20100470884).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China

    Huahua Wang, Junjun Huang, Xiaolei Liang & Yurong Bi

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  1. Huahua Wang
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  2. Junjun Huang
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  3. Xiaolei Liang
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Correspondence to Yurong Bi.

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Wang, H., Huang, J., Liang, X. et al. Involvement of hydrogen peroxide, calcium, and ethylene in the induction of the alternative pathway in chilling-stressed Arabidopsis callus. Planta 235, 53–67 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1488-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-011-1488-7

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