Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the in vitro competition in tissue culture of three flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars using different distances among hypocotyl explants cultured. Hypocotyl fresh and dry masses, shoot regeneration percentage, shoot number per hypocotyl, regenerated shoot length and total chlorophyll content were examined during shoot regeneration, while plantlet height, number of roots and length of roots were recorded during rooting. With decreasing distance among explants we observed increased shoot regeneration and rooting till a certain point from where stress initiated and significant decreases in all parameters observed. Explants cultured at distance 1.0 cm were found to be at their optimum.
Abbreviations
- BAP:
-
6-benzylaminopurine
- IBA:
-
indolebutyric acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA:
-
naphthalene acetic acid
References
Basiran, N., Armitage, P., Scott, R.J., Draper, J.: Genetic transformation of flax (Linum usitatissimum) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens: regeneration of transformed shoots via a callus phase. — Plant Cell Rep. 6: 396–399, 1987.
Curtis, O.F., Shetty, K.: Growth medium effects on vitrification, total phenolics, chlorophyll, and water content of in vitro propagated oregano clones. — Acta Hort. 426: 498–503, 1996.
Dale, J.E.: The control of leaf expansion. — Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 39: 267–295, 1988.
Dang, W., Wei, Z.M.: High frequency plant regeneration from the cotyledonary node of common bean. — Biol. Plant. 53: 312–316, 2009.
De Klerk, G.J.: Stress in plants cultured in vitro. — Propag. Ornam. Plants 7(3): 129–137, 2007.
Dong, J.Z., Mc Hughen, A.: Patterns of transformation intensity on flax hypocotyls inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. — Plant Cell Rep. 10: 555–560, 1991.
Dong, J., Mc Hughen, A.: An improved procedure for production of transgenic flax plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. — Plant Sci. 88: 61–71, 1993.
Gamborg, O.L., Shyluk, J.P.: Tissue culture, protoplasts, and morphogenesis in flax. — Bot. Gaz. 137: 301–306, 1976.
Gersani, M., Brown, J.S., O’Brien, E., Mania, G.M., Abramsky, Z.: Tragedy of the commons as a result of root competition. — J. Ecol. 89: 660–669, 2001.
Jordan, M.C., Mc Hughen, A.: Glyphosate tolerant flax plants from Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. — Plant Cell Rep. 7: 281–284, 1988a.
Jordan, M.C., Mc Hughen, A.: Transformed calllus does not necessarily regenerate transformed shoots. — Plant Cell Rep. 7: 285–287, 1988b.
Maina, G.G., Brown, J.S., Gersani, M.: Intra-plant versus interplant root competiton in beans: avoidance, resource matching or tragedy of the commons. — Plant Ecol. 160: 235–247, 2002.
Mc Hughen, A., Jordan, M., Feist, G.: A preculture period prior to Agrobacterium inoculation increases production of transgenic plants. — J. Plant Physiol. 135: 245–248, 1989.
McPhee, C.S., Aarssen, L.W.: The seperation of above- and below-ground competion in plants. A review and critique of methodology. — Plant Ecol. 152: 119–136, 2001.
Millam, S., Davidson, D., Powell, W. The use of flax (Linum usitatissimum) as a model system for studies on organogenesis in vitro: the effect of different carbohydrates. — Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 28: 163–166, 1992.
Mills, D.: Effect of sucrose application, minerals, and irradiance on the in vitro growth of Cistus incanus seedlings and plantlets. — Biol. Plant. 53: 415–421, 2009.
Mingozzi, M., Morini, S.: In vitro cultivation of donor quince shoots affects subsequent morphogenesis in leaf explants. — Biol. Plant. 53: 141–144, 2009.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F.: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. — Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–479, 1962.
Murray, B.E., Handyside, R.J., Keller, W.A.: In vitro regeneration of shoots on stem explants of haploid and diploid flax (Linum usitatissimum). — Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 19: 177–186, 1977.
Nageswara, R.R.C., Talwar, H.S., Wright, G.C.: Rapid assessment of specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using chlorophyll meter. — J. Agron. Crop Sci. 189: 175–182, 2001.
Pal, R.N., Laloraya, M.M.: Effect of calcium levels on chlorophyll synthesis in peanut and linseed plants. — Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 163: 443–449, 1972.
Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G. (ed.): Statistical Methods. — Iowa State University Press, Ames 1967.
Sunderland, N.: Cell division and expansion in the growth of the leaf. — J. exp. Bot. 11: 68–80, 1960.
Tavano, E.C.R., Stipp, L.C.L., Muniz, F.R., Mourão Filho, F.A.A., Mendes, B.M.J.: In vitro organogenesis of Citrus volkameriana and Citrus aurantium. — Biol. Plant. 53: 395–399, 2009.
Wilson, J.B.: Shoot competition and root competition. — J. appl. Ecol. 25: 279–296, 1998.
Wright, G.C., Nageswara, R.R.C., Farquhar, G.D.: Water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in peanut under water deficit conditions. — Crop Sci. 34: 92–97, 1994.
Xiang, C.-Z., Jones, D.A., Kerr, A: Regeneration of shoots on root explants of flax. — Ann. Bot. 63: 297–299, 1989.
Yildiz, M., Er, C.: The effect of sodium hypochlorite solutions on in vitro seedling growth and shoot regeneration of flax (Linum usitatissimum). — Naturwissenschaften 89: 259–261, 2002.
Yildiz, M., Özgen, M.: The effect of a submersion pretreatment on in vitro explant growth and shoot regeneration from hypocotyls of flax (Linum usitatissimum). — Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 77: 111–115, 2004.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yildiz, M. Evaluation of the effect of in vitro stress and competition on tissue culture response of flax. Biol Plant 55, 541–544 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-011-0121-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-011-0121-8