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Nitrogen enrichment enhances thermal acclimation of soil microbial respiration

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Abstract

As the climate warms, the feedback between soil carbon (C) and climate can decrease in magnitude over time due to the thermal acclimation of microbial respiration. However, the strength of microbial thermal acclimation is highly uncertain, partly because the response of microbial respiration is regulated by multiple environmental factors acting simultaneously rather than by temperature alone. Here we use a theoretical representation method to visually quantify the magnitude of thermal acclimation of microbial respiration based on a 9-year two-way factorial experiment involving warming and multilevel nitrogen (N) enrichment treatments in alpine permafrost. The results showed that mass-specific respiration rates were significantly lower in warmed soils when N enrichment was higher. Post-acclimation Q10 was as much as 1.6 times higher for soils sampled from no N enrichment treatment than from the highest N enrichment concentration treatment. These results suggested that respiration rate reductions under warming likely occurred through N-induced changes in the soil and microbial community and that the thermal strength acclimation gradually increases as N enrichment increases. We identified two contrasting pathways by which N enrichment appears to affect the strength of thermal acclimation using the structural equation model—1) via an enhancement of acclimation caused by soil acidification and 2) a weakening of acclimation caused by the inhibition of soil C availability and stimulation of soil C-degrading enzymes. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple environmental change factors in shaping the strength of thermal acclimation when predicting future soil C-climate feedbacks.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study and those not presented within the article and its Supplementary Information file are available from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4483120.

Code availability

The code used in this study is availability from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The experiment was done at the Research Station of Alpine Meadow and Wetland Ecosystems of Lanzhou University.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (92251305, 31830009 and 32101377), the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (21XD1420700), the ‘Shuguang Program’ supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (21SG02), the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research—Fudan University 21TQ1400100 (21TQ004), the Science and Technology Department of Shanghai (21DZ1201902), and the Shanghai Pujiang Program (2020PJD003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity, Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, No. 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, China

    Huimin Sun, Hongyang Chen, Jintao Li, Yan Zhang, Jinquan Li, Bo Li & Ming Nie

  2. Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China

    Hongyang Chen

  3. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Xiang Liu

  4. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China

    Bo Li

  5. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China

    Shurong Zhou

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  1. Huimin Sun
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Contributions

MN developed the original ideas presented in the manuscript; HS performed the overall analysis with the assistance from HC, JL, YZ, and MN; XL and SZ organized the field experiment; HS, HC, BL and MN wrote the first draft, and all authors jointly revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ming Nie.

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Sun, H., Chen, H., Li, J. et al. Nitrogen enrichment enhances thermal acclimation of soil microbial respiration. Biogeochemistry 162, 343–357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01014-1

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