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Degradation of methamidophos by Hyphomicrobium species MAP-1 and the biochemical degradation pathway

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Abstract

Methamidophos is one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides usually detectable in the environment. A facultative methylotroph, Hyphomicrobium sp. MAP-1, capable of high efficiently degrading methamidophos, was isolated from methamidophos-contaminated soil in China. It was found that the addition of methanol significantly promoted the growth of strain MAP-1 and enhanced its degradation of methamidophos. Further, this strain could utilize methamidophos as its sole carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus source for growth and could completely degrade 3,000 mg l−1 methamidophos in 84 h under optimal conditions (pH 7.0, 30°C). The enzyme responsible for methamidophos degradation was mainly located on the cell inner membrane (90.4%). During methamidophos degradation, three metabolites were detected and identified based on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Using this information, a biochemical degradation pathway of methamidophos by Hyphomicrobium sp. MAP-1 was proposed for the first time. Methamidophos is first cleaved at the P–N bond to form O,S-dimethyl hydrogen thiophosphate and NH3. Subsequently, O,S-dimethyl hydrogen thiophosphate is hydrolyzed at the P–O bond to release –OCH3 and form S-methyl dihydrogen thiophosphate. O,S-dimethyl hydrogen thiophosphate can also be hydrolyzed at the P–S bond to release –SCH3 and form methyl dihydrogen phosphate. Finally, S-methyl dihydrogen thiophosphate and methyl dihydrogen phosphate are likely transformed into phosphoric acid.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Weiyou Zhou of Nanjing Science and Technology University for excellent assistance in MS/MS and GC–MS analysis. This work was supported by grants from the National Programs for High Technology Research and Development of China (2007AA10Z405), the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30600016), the Major Projects on Control and Rectification of Water Body Pollution (2008ZX07103-002) and the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2008669).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Li Wang, Yang Wen, Xinqing Guo, Guangli Wang, Shunpeng Li & Jiandong Jiang

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Anhui University of Architecture, 230022, Hefei, People’s Republic of China

    Li Wang

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  1. Li Wang
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  2. Yang Wen
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  3. Xinqing Guo
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  4. Guangli Wang
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  5. Shunpeng Li
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Correspondence to Jiandong Jiang.

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Wang, L., Wen, Y., Guo, X. et al. Degradation of methamidophos by Hyphomicrobium species MAP-1 and the biochemical degradation pathway. Biodegradation 21, 513–523 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-009-9320-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-009-9320-9

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