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A reassessment of the role of propagule pressure in influencing fates of passerine introductions to New Zealand

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Abstract

Several studies have argued that principal factor in determining the fate of bird introductions is introduction effort. In large part, these studies have emerged from analyses of historical records from a single place—New Zealand. Here we raise two concerns about these conclusions. First, we argue that although many bird species were introduced repeatedly to New Zealand, in many cases the introductions apparently occurred only after the species were already successfully naturalized. The inclusion of such seemingly superfluous introductions may exaggerate the importance of propagule pressure. And second, we question the reliability of the records themselves. In many cases these records are equivocal, as inconsistencies appear in separate studies of the same records. Our analysis indicates that species were successful not because they were introduced frequently and in high numbers, but rather it is likely that they were introduced frequently and in high numbers because the initial releases were successful.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Stuart Pimm, Kyle Van Houtan and anonymous reviewers for very helpful comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA

    Michael P. Moulton

  2. School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0410, USA

    Wendell P. Cropper Jr.

  3. National Wildlife Research Center, USDA Wildlife Services, 2820 East University Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32641, USA

    Michael L. Avery

Authors
  1. Michael P. Moulton
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  2. Wendell P. Cropper Jr.
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  3. Michael L. Avery
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael P. Moulton.

Appendix

Appendix

See Table 7.

Table 7 Lists of passeriform species introduced to New Zealand from five studies
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Moulton, M.P., Cropper, W.P. & Avery, M.L. A reassessment of the role of propagule pressure in influencing fates of passerine introductions to New Zealand. Biodivers Conserv 20, 607–623 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9969-8

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