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Dietary montmorillonite improves growth, chemical composition, antioxidant system and immune-related genes of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

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Abstract

Montmorillonite (MMT) is an aluminosilicate clay with specific properties, such as improving growth performance and enhancing immunity. The effects of MMT supplements on performance, survival rate, body composition, haemolymph parameters, relative gene expressions, and antioxidant response of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated. Five diets with MMT supplementation were formulated at 0 (Control), 10 (MMT1), 20 (MMT2), 30 (MMT3) and 40 (MMT4) g/kg representing five treatments in replicates (15 tanks). A quadratic relation existed between the growth, feed conversion ratio, lysozyme and penaeidin3a and the MMT levels (further, MMT1 and MMT2 had significantly higher levels than other groups). Phenoloxidase, alkaline phosphatase and the expression of heat shock protein (HSP70), metallothionein and glutathione had linear relations so that MMT4 had a higher value than others (P < 0.05). Weight gain also had positive correlations with feed efficiency (correlation coefficient R: 0.76), HSP70 (R: 0.55), lysozyme (R: 0.72) and penaeidin3a (R: 0.60), while it had negative relations with daily feed intake, triglycerides and malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde also had negative correlations with the level of MMT (R: − 0.69), weight gain (R: − 0.54), phenoloxidase (R: − 0.61), HSP70 (R: − 0.65), metallothionein (R: − 0.57) and catalase (R: 0.54) and also negative, but not significant, correlations with other measured parameters. In general, the findings of this study showed that the inclusion of MMT supplements in the diet improves the growth, antioxidant system and expression of genes related to whiteleg shrimp immunity and avoids lipid peroxidation. Most of the measured parameters suggest supplementing 20 g/kg MMT in diets of whiteleg shrimp, which is economically beneficial through improved growth and FCR.

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Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions (data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data is not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions).

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to all individuals who provided valuable assistance in animal farming, laboratory work, and technical aspects.

Funding

This research was funded by the Persian Gulf University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

    Fatemeh Pourjam, Ebrahim Sotoudeh & Dara Bagheri

  2. Persian Gulf Research Center, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran

    Ahmad Ghasemi

  3. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia

    Noah Esmaeili

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  1. Fatemeh Pourjam
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  2. Ebrahim Sotoudeh
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  3. Dara Bagheri
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  4. Ahmad Ghasemi
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  5. Noah Esmaeili
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Contributions

F.P.: statistical analysis, resources, research, investigation. E.S.: resources, research, investigation, ideas, supervision, revision. D.B.: research, laboratory works, investigation, validation, revision. A.G.: research, investigation, resources. N.E.: writing, validation, ideas, revision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ebrahim Sotoudeh.

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Ethical approval

According to the regulations governing animal research in Iran (Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh et al. 2021), this study strictly adheres to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1975) and the Society for Neuroscience Animal Care and Use guidelines (1998). These regulations and guidelines ensure the ethical treatment and welfare of the animals involved in research.

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Pourjam, F., Sotoudeh, E., Bagheri, D. et al. Dietary montmorillonite improves growth, chemical composition, antioxidant system and immune-related genes of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquacult Int (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-024-01442-2

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