Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced chondrocyte apoptosis is a primary cause of cartilage destruction in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), a novel pro-inflammatory mediator, have been confirmed to accumulate in patients with RA. However, the effect of AOPPs accumulation on chondrocyte apoptosis and the associated cellular mechanisms remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that the plasma formation of AOPPs was enhanced in RA rats compared with normal. Then, chondrocyte were treated with AOPPs-modified rat serum albumin (AOPPs-RSA) in vitro. Exposure of chondrocyte to AOPPs activated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, which was mediated by receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), but not scavenger receptor CD36. Moreover, AOPPs challenge triggered NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation which induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress resulted in activation of caspase family that eventually lead to apoptosis. Lastly, blockade of RAGE, instead of CD36, largely attenuated these signals. Our study demonstrated first time that AOPPs induce chondrocyte apoptosis via RAGE-mediated and redox-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway in vitro. These data implicates that AOPPs may represent a novel pathogenic factor that contributes to RA progression. Targeting AOPPs-triggered cellular mechanisms might emerge as a promising therapeutic option for patients with RA.
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Abbreviations
- RA:
-
Rheumatoid arthritis
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- AOPPs:
-
Advanced oxidation protein products
- MPO:
-
Myeloperoxidase
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- RAGE:
-
Receptor for advanced glycation end products
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- chop:
-
C/EBP homologous protein
- PARP:
-
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- Δψm:
-
Mitochondrial membrane potential
- RSA:
-
Rat serum albumin
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81272042 and No. 81472135) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. S2012010008875, No. S2012040006830 and No. 2015A030310481) and in part by the Scientific Research Initiative of Southern Medical University (No. PY2014N038).
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Qian Wu and Zhao-Ming Zhong have contributed equally to this work.
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Wu, Q., Zhong, ZM., Zhu, SY. et al. Advanced oxidation protein products induce chondrocyte apoptosis via receptor for advanced glycation end products-mediated, redox-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Apoptosis 21, 36–50 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-015-1191-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-015-1191-4