Abstract
The responses of arthropods to thermal stress are vital in ecological studies in order to understand survival, development, and reproduction. However, this subject is poorly addressed. In the order Mesostigmata, an abundance of species lives in the soil. Among these species, Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Womersley) is a predator used in the control of pest organisms that live in the soil. Mites of this species are commercialized in several countries, including Brazil, presenting efficiency in pest control in several crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal shock on S. scimitus females, as well as to monitor the temperature variation in the environment. For each temperature, 80 experimental units were assembled for different periods (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h). Experimental units were maintained at 25 °C, after exposure of the mites. Mortality and oviposition were evaluated. The results showed a 40% reduction in the survival of mites exposed to 37 °C for 4 h, compared to the control treatment (25 °C). Oviposition was less affected at 1 h exposure to temperatures of 19 and 12 °C and thermic fluctuation was observed in the greenhouse, especially inside the slabs. Understanding temperature effects in mites and the thermic fluctuation in the environment is essential to achieve satisfactory results in biological control. It is important to observe the scenario in which predatory mites will be released as these aspects are decisive in predatory activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adis J (1988) On the abundance and density of terrestrial arthropods in Central Amazonian dryland forests. J Trop Ecol 4(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467400002455
Azevedo LH, Ferreira MP, Castilho RC, Cançado PHD, Moraes GJ (2018) Potential of Macrocheles species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) as control agents of harmful flies (Diptera) and biology of Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho and Berto on Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Biol Control 123:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.04.013
Beaman JE, White CR, Seebacher F (2016) Evolution of plasticity: mechanistic link tween development and reversible acclimation. Trends Ecol Evol 31(3):237–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.01.004
Brasil (2018) Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Agrofit—Sistema de agrotóxicos fitossanitários. https://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/principal_agrofit_cons. Accessed 13 June 2018.
Castilho RC, Moraes GJ, Silva ES, Silva LO (2009) Predation potential and biology of Protogamasellopsis posnaniensis Wisniewski & Hirschmann (Acari: Rhodocaridae). Biol Control 48(2):164–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.10.004
Colinet H, Rinehart JP, Yocum GD, Greenlee KJ (2018) Mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of fluctuating thermal regimes in insect cold tolerance. J Exp Biol 221:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.164806
Coombs MR, Bale JS (2013) Comparison of thermal activity thresholds of the spider mite predators Phytoseiulus macropilis and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 59(4):435–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9619-9
Duarte AF, Cunha US, Moraes GJ (2018) Suitability arthropods as prey for Proctolaelaps bickleyi and Cosmolaelaps brevistilis (Acari: Melicharidae, Laelapidae) under laboratory conditions. Exp Appl Acarol 74(3):275–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-018-0229z
Ernsting G, Isaaks A (2000) Ectotherms, temperature, and trade-offs: size and number of eggs in a carabid beetle. Am Nat 155(6):804–813. https://doi.org/10.1086/303361
Ferragut F, Garcia-Mari F, Costa-Comelles J, Laborda R (1987) Influence of food and temperature on desenvolviment and oviposition of Euseius stipulatus and Typhlodromus phialatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 3:317–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01193168
Ganjisaffar F, Fathipour Y, Kamali K (2011) Effect of temperature on prey consumption of Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). J Acarol 37(6):556–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2010.528800
Ghazy NA, Osakabe M, Negm MW, Schausberger P, Gotoh T, Amano H (2016) Phytoseiid mites under environmental stress. Biol Control 96:120–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.02.017
Hart AJ, Bale JS, Tullett AG, Worland MR, Walters KFA (2002) Effects of temperature on the establishment potential of the predatory mite Amblyseius californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in the UK. J Insect Physiol 48(6):593–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00087-2
Helmuth B, Broitman BR, Yamane L, Gilman SE, Mach K, Mislan KAS, Denny MW (2010) Organismal climatology: analyzing environmental variability at scales relevant to physiological stress. J Exp Biol 213:995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.038463
Huang LH, Chen B, Kang L (2007) Impact of mild temperature hardening on thermotolerance, fecundity, and hsp gene expression in Liriomyza huidobrensis. J Insect Physiol 53(12):1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.06.011
Huyen LT, Tung ND, Lan DH, Chi CV, Clercq P, Dinh NV (2017) Life table parameters and development of Neoseiulus longispinosus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) reared on citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) at different temperatures. Syst Appl Acarol 22(9):1316–1326. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.9.3
Jensen K, Kristensen TN, Overgaard J, Toft S, Sørensen JG, Holmstrup M (2017) Cold acclimation reduces predation rate and reproduction but increases cold- and starvation tolerance in the predatory mite Gaeolaelaps aculeifer Canestrini. Biol Control 114:150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2017.08.013
Jorgensen K, Sorensen J, Bundgaard J (2006) Heat tolerance and the effect of mild heat stress on reproductive characters in Drosophila buzzatii males. J Therm Biol 31(3):280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.026
Krebs RA, Thompson KA (2005) A genetic analisys of variation for the ability to fly after exposureto thermal stress in Drosophila mojavensis. J Therm Biol 30(4):335–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2005.11.026
Kristensen TN, Hoffmann AA, Overgaard J, Sørensen JG, Hallas R, Loeschcke V (2008) Costs and benefits of cold acclimation in field-released Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:216–221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708074105
Le Hesran S, Groot T, Knapp M, Bukovinszky T, Forestier T, Dicke M (2019) Phenotypic variation in egg survival in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis under dry conditions. Biol Control 130:88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.10.007
Liefting M, Weerenbeck M, van Dooremalen C, Ellers J (2010) Temperature-induced plasticity in egg size and resistance of eggs to temperature stress in a soil arthropod. Funct Ecol 24:1291–1298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01732.x
Lindquist EE, Krantz GW, Walter DE (2009) Chapter 8. Classification. In: Krantz GW, Walter DE (eds) A manual of acarology. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, pp 97–103
Lu F, Chen Q, Chen Z, Lu H, Xu X, Jing F (2014) Effects of heat stress on development, reproduction and activities of protective enzymes in Mononychellus mcgregori. Exp Appl Acarol 63(2):267–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9784-0
Marshall K, Sinclair B (2012) The impacts of repeated cold exposure on insects. J Exp Biol 215(10):1607–1613. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.059956
Monteiro VB, França GF, Gondim MGC, Lima DB, Melo JWS (2019) Neoseiulus baraki (Acari: Phytoseiidae) survival and walking in response to environmental stress. Syst Appl Acarol 24(3):487–496. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.3.12
Moreira GF, de Morais MR, Busoli AC, Moraes GJ (2015) Life cycle of Cosmolaelaps jaboticabalensis (Acari: Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) on Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and two factitious food sources. Exp Appl Acarol 65:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9870-3
Moya-Laraño J, Verdeny-Vilalta O, Rowntree J, Melguizo-Ruiz N, Montserrat M, Laiolo P (2012) Climate Change and eco-evolutionary dynamics in food webs. Glob Change Multispecies Syst 47:1–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00001-6
Schou MF, Kristensen TN, Pedersen A, Karlsson GB, Loeschcke V, Malmendal A (2017) Metabolic and functional characterization of effects of developmental temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. Am J Physiol 312:R211–R222. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00268
Teets NM, Denlinger DL (2013) Physiological mechanisms of seasonal and rapid cold-hardening in insects. Physiol Entomol 38(2):105–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12019
van der Have TM, de Jong G (1996) Adult size in ectotherms: temperature effects on growth and differentiation. J Theor Biol 183(3):329–340. https://doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1996.0224
van Lenteren JC (2012) IOBC Internet Book of Biological Control. https://www.iobc-global.org/download/IOBC_InternetBookBiCoVersion6Spring2012.pdf. Acesso em: 19 de agosto de 2020.
van Voorhies WA (1996) Bergmann size clines: a simple explanation for their occurrence in ectotherms. Evolution 50(3):1259–1264. https://doi.org/10.2307/2410666
Walter DE, Proctor HC (1999) Life cycles, development and size: dispersal, migration and phoresy. Mites: ecology, evolution and behavior. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, pp 32–55
Woods HA, Hill RI (2004) Temperature-dependent oxygen limitation in insect eggs. J Exp Biol 207:2267–2276. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00991
Zhang GH, Liu H, Wang JJ, Wang ZY (2014) Effects thermal stress on lipid peroxidation an antioxidant enzyme activities of the predatory mite, Neuseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Exp Appl Acarol 64(1):73–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9806-y
Zhang GH, Li YY, Zhang KJ, Wang JJ, Liu YQ, Liu H (2016) Effects of heat stress on copulation, fecundity and longevity of neuly-emerged adults of the predatory mite, Neuseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Syst Appl Acarol 21(3):295–306. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.3.5
Zhang GH, Li YY, Tian CB, Xu YJ, Zhou HW, Huang J, Wang JJ, Liu H (2018) Intraspecific variations on thermal susceptibility in the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae): responding to long-term heat acclimations and frequent heat hardenings. Biol Control 121:208–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.03.004
Acknowledgements
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gobbi, P.C., Duarte, J.L.P., da Silva, L.R. et al. Effects of thermal shock on the survival and reproduction of Stratiolaelaps scimitus (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae). Exp Appl Acarol 82, 493–501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00570-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-020-00570-7