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Exiguobacterium algae sp. nov. and Exiguobacterium qingdaonense sp. nov., two novel moderately halotolerant bacteria isolated from the coastal algae

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Abstract

Two Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strains, S126T and S82T, were isolated from coastal algae of China. Strains S126T and S82T are halotolerant and could grow in the presence of 0–13% NaCl and 0–14% NaCl, respectively. The two strains shared 98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and 93.4–99.8% similarity with type strains of Exiguobacterium species. The major fatty acids (> 10%) of strains S126T and S82T were iso-C17:0, iso-C13:0, anteiso-C13:0 and iso-C15:0. The predominant quinones of strains S126T and S82T were MK-7 and MK-8. The polar lipid profiles of strain S126T and S82T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The cell-wall peptidoglycans of both strains S126T and S82T were of the A3α L-Lys-Gly type. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average nucleotide index (AAI) between strains S126T and S82T and type strains of Exiguobacterium species were all below the thresholds to discriminate bacterial species, indicating that they constitute two novel species in the genus Exiguobacterium. Based on polyphasic taxonomy characterization and genomic aspects, the names Exiguobacterium algae sp. nov. and Exiguobacterium qingdaonense sp. nov. are proposed for the two novel species, with type strains being S126T (= CGMCC 1.17116T = KCTC 43079 T) and S82T (= CGMCC 1.17115T = KCTC 43078T), respectively.

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Abbreviations

Ocs:

Orthologous clusters

ANI:

Average nucleotide identity

AAI:

Average nucleotide index

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Funding

Funding

This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31670002, awarded to Dechao Zhang; 31970003 and 31770003, awarded to Jinshui Zheng).

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Author notes

  1. Fangming Liu and Yangjie Li, have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. First Institute of Oceanography (FIO), Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) of China, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Fangming Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

    Yangjie Li & Jinshui Zheng

  3. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Wenxuan He & Dechao Zhang

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Wenxuan He & Dechao Zhang

  5. College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Wenqi Wang

  6. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Dechao Zhang

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  1. Fangming Liu
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  2. Yangjie Li
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Contributions

ZDC designed this research, LFM, HWX and WWQ isolated the strain and performed the initial cultivation and strain deposition, LFM, HWX and WWQ performed strain characterization, the electron microscopic and chemotaxonomic analysis, LYJ and ZJS performed the genomic and phylogenetic analysis, LFM and LYJ drafted the manuscript. ZDC supervised the study and contributed to text preparation and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dechao Zhang.

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Liu, F., Li, Y., He, W. et al. Exiguobacterium algae sp. nov. and Exiguobacterium qingdaonense sp. nov., two novel moderately halotolerant bacteria isolated from the coastal algae. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 1399–1406 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01594-8

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