Abstract
Modern vineyards, characterized by monoculture and landscape simplicity, face a multitude of pest management issues, including heightened pest and disease pressure, reliance on agrochemicals, threats of pesticide resistance, and vulnerability due to climate change. Incorporating trees into and around vineyards through agroforestry practices such as alley cropping, windbreaks, hedgerows, and multi-story cropping has the potential to create diversified vineyard landscapes that could reduce pest and disease pressure, decrease the use of pesticides, and increase economic stability. This review summarizes the existing knowledge on arthropod pest management in heterogeneous woody vineyard landscapes and provides a foundation upon which future research on vineyard agroforestry systems can be built. Existing literature suggests that vineyards with adjacent and incorporated trees can reduce arthropod pest damage by increasing the abundance of predaceous insects and bats, which has been shown to increase parasitism and predation rates. These types of diversified vineyard landscapes may also control some viral and bacterial infections by controlling the insect vectors that transmit these pathogens, although certain trees can serve as alternative hosts for some viral vectors. Control of arthropods in vineyards also has the potential to be increased by the presence of trees because of the windbreak effect that trees provide, which allows for efficient and timely applications of pesticides at the precise moment when pest pressure is at the proper threshold. Because of the demonstrated benefits of trees in and around vineyards on arthropod insect and mite control, as summarized in this paper, intentionally incorporating trees into vineyard designs in the form of vineyard agroforestry systems could be a component of an effective arthropod integrated pest management strategy, and is a subject that warrants further research.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry and USDA/ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center, Agreement number 58-6020-6-001, from the USDA Agricultural Research Service. It was also supported by the Dorris D. and Christine M. Brown Graduate Fellowship. Special thanks to the additional support that was donated by the National University of Cuyo in Lujan de Cuyo, Argentina.
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Dr. Michael Gold, Dr. Samniqueka Halsey, and Dr. Rosana Vallone have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose and have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Katherine Favor receives a salary from the National Center for Appropriate Technology, where she is a project specialist. Dr. Megan Hall is consultant to Terroir Consulting Group.
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Favor, K., Gold, M., Halsey, S. et al. Agroforestry for enhanced arthropod pest management in Vineyards. Agroforest Syst 98, 213–227 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00900-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00900-9